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Independent Software Interview Questions

A/B Testing

Algorithms

Analytics

Machine Learning

Probability

Product Metrics

Python

Statistics

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<p>Suppose there exists a new airline named Jetco that flies domestically across North America. Jetco recently had a study commissioned that tested the boarding time of every airline, and it came out that Jetco had the fastest average boarding times of any airline.</p>

<p>What factors could have biased this result, and what would you look into?</p>


<p>What could potentially bias the average boarding time in favor of an airline that only flies domestically?</p>

What could potentially bias the average boarding time in favor of an airline that only flies domestically?

Boarding Times Bias

A new airline came out as the fastest average boarding times compared to other airlines.  What factors could have biased this result and what would you look into?

<p>You are testing hundreds of hypotheses with many <em>t</em>-tests. What considerations should be made?</p>


<p>What is a key disadvantage of the F-test when compared to multiple t-tests?</p>

What is a key disadvantage of the F-test when compared to multiple t-tests?

Hundreds of Hypotheses

You are testing hundreds of hypotheses with many t-tests. What considerations should be made?

<p>The schema below is for a retail online shopping company consisting of two tables, <code>attribution</code> and <code>user_sessions</code>.</p>

<ul>
<li><p>The attribution table logs a session visit for each row.</p></li>

<li><p>If <code>conversion</code> is <code>true</code>, then the user converted to buying on that session.</p></li>

<li><p>The <code>channel</code> column represents which advertising platform the user was attributed to for that specific session.</p></li>

<li><p>Lastly the <code>user_sessions</code> table maps many to one session visits back to one user.</p></li>
</ul>

<p>First touch attribution is defined as the channel with which the converted user was associated when they first discovered the website.</p>

<p>Calculate the first touch attribution for each <code>user_id</code> that converted. </p>

<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>

<p><strong>Input:</strong></p>

<p><code>attribution</code> table</p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>session_id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>channel</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>conversion</code></td>
<td>BOOLEAN</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><code>user_sessions</code> table</p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>column</th>
<th>type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>session_id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>created_at</code></td>
<td>DATETIME</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>user_id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Example output:</strong></p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th><code>user_id</code></th>
<th><code>channel</code></th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>123</td>
<td>facebook</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>145</td>
<td>google</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>153</td>
<td>facebook</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>172</td>
<td>organic</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>173</td>
<td>email</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>


First Touch Attribution

<h3>Job Description</h3><div>Job Description<div><b>What You Will Do</b><br><br>As a Level 3 Software Engineer (SWE) with Independent Software, you will design, develop, maintain, and enhance complex and diverse software systems. These systems include real-time, processing-intensive analytics, large-scale data handling, algorithm development, and business and mission-critical management systems. You will provide technical leadership, influence best practices, and guide software development teams to deliver high-quality software solutions that meet mission needs and performance standards.<br><br>This position offers the opportunity to work on meaningful software systems that support important missions. You will be part of a professional environment where collaboration, technical development, and process improvement are valued. The role provides stability, a clear scope of work, and the chance to contribute to systems used in real-world applications. If you are looking for consistent, hands-on software engineering work with experienced teams, this role may be a good fit.<br><br><b>Key Responsibilities: </b><ul><li>Analyze user requirements to determine software design and performance needs</li><li>Design, develop, test, and maintain new or existing software systems</li><li>Debug software and resolve defects</li><li>Integrate software into new or modified systems or environments</li><li>Write, review, and maintain software and system documentation</li><li>Implement and improve development process standards and documentation</li><li>Oversee one or more software development teams</li><li>Lead complex software architecture decisions, trade-off analyses, and technical direction</li><li>Design and implement advanced algorithms and database interfaces</li><li>Collaborate with system and hardware engineers to derive software requirements</li><li>Conduct software quality assurance and ensure product compliance</li><li>Recommend and integrate new tools, technologies, and development practices</li><li>Coordinate software system installation and monitor equipment to meet operational specifications</li><li>Assign, delegate, and monitor development and testing tasks among team members</li></ul><br /><b>Required Skills and Qualifications:</b><ul><li>Strong knowledge of software engineering principles, systems architecture, and design patterns</li><li>Proficiency in software development methodologies (Agile, Waterfall, etc.)</li><li>Experience with complex algorithms, large datasets, and real-time systems</li><li>Proficiency with at least one programming language (e.g., Java, C++, Python)</li><li>Ability to design and optimize database queries and repositories</li><li>Strong problem-solving and debugging skills</li><li>Experience in performance tuning and system optimization</li><li> Excellent leadership, communication, and team collaboration skills</li><li>Familiarity with COTS/GOTS software integration and software reuse strategies</li></ul><b>Education and Experience: </b><ul><li><b>Bachelor’s Degree</b> in Computer Science, Software Engineering, or a related technical discipline from an accredited college or university</li><li><b>Twenty (20) years</b> of experience as a Software Engineer in programs of similar scope, type, and complexity</li><li><b>Substitution:</b> An additional four (4) years of relevant software engineering experience may be substituted for a bachelor’s degree</li></ul><b>Clearance Requirement:</b><ul><li>Must possess an active TS/SCI with appropriate Polygraph to be considered for this role</li></ul> <p><strong>*This position is contingent on contract award*</strong></p><b>Why Choose Independent Software:</b><br><br>At Independent Software, our people are the mission. We’ve built a company around collaboration, integrity, and innovation and we make sure our team has the tools and support to grow, succeed, and thrive.<br />When you join us, you will:<ul><li>Support critical national security missions that matter</li><li>Be part of a close-knit, employee-first culture where your voice is heard</li><li>Expand your skills through ongoing training, mentorship, and career development</li><li>Enjoy competitive compensation, generous benefits, and work-life balance</li></ul><br />Ready to take the next step in your career? Join us and be part of something bigger.<br><br>Apply today.<br><br>We’re an equal opportunity employer. All applicants will be considered for employment without attention to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, veteran or disability status.<br><br> <p>Powered by JazzHR</p><p>qEMvFrKn4Z</p></div></div>

<h3>Job Description</h3><div>Job Description<div><p><b>What You Will Do:</b><br><br>As a Data Scientist Level 3 with Independent Software, you will play a mission critical role in applying data science expertise to complex national security challenges. At Independent Software, you will not just be writing code you will be helping protect the nation by turning complex data into actionable intelligence. We foster a collaborative environment where innovation, purpose, and impact intersect. If you are looking for a workplace that values both technical excellence and real world mission relevance you will thrive here.<br><br>You will leverage your Python expertise, workflow automation, data manipulation, and visualization particularly within Jupyter Notebooks to support data driven decision making and operational efficiency. You will contribute to developing analytical tools, generating impactful insights, delivering sophisticated visualizations, and optimizing data pipelines. You will work with large, complex, and often unstructured datasets from multiple sources, applying statistical modeling, machine learning, algorithm development, exploratory data analysis, hypothesis testing, and inference modeling. You will also translate mission and analytical requirements into technical data specifications, guide others on interpreting results, and effectively convey complex technical concepts to diverse audiences including non technical stakeholders. Knowledge of AI ML frameworks, data mining, and software engineering principles will be applied to ensure reproducible, efficient, and high quality analytical outcomes.<br><br><b>Key Responsibilities:</b></p><ul><li>Apply skills across at least two of the following domains:<ul><li>Foundations: Mathematical, statistical, and computational theory and application</li><li>Data Processing: Data curation, transformation, visualization, reproducibility, and pipeline automation</li><li>Modeling and Prediction: Statistical modeling, inference, forecasting, and domain specific analytics</li></ul></li><li>Draw conclusions from large, complex datasets using a combination of mathematical, statistical, and domain knowledge</li><li>Develop and apply analytic models and quantitative techniques tailored to unstructured or incomplete datasets often with unique national security constraints</li><li>Translate mission and analytical requirements into technical data specifications and guide others on interpreting results</li><li>Effectively convey complex technical concepts to diverse audiences including non technical stakeholders</li></ul><br /><b>Required Skills and Qualifications:</b><ul><li>Proficient in Python and familiar with Jupyter Notebooks</li><li>Strong background in machine learning, statistical modeling, and algorithm development</li><li>Hands on experience with data cleaning, transformation, and analysis of large datasets from multiple sources</li><li>Experience with exploratory data analysis, hypothesis testing, and inference modeling</li><li>Knowledge of AI ML frameworks, data mining, and software engineering principles</li><li>Workflow automation, optimization of data pipelines, and ensuring reproducible analytics</li></ul><br /><b>Education and Experience:</b><br><br>Minimum Qualifications (One of the following):<ul><li>Master’s degree with 8 plus years of relevant experience</li><li>Bachelor’s degree with 10 plus years of relevant experience</li><li>Associate degree with 12 plus years of relevant experience</li></ul>Acceptable Degree Fields:<ul><li>Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Statistics, Machine Learning, Data Science, Operations Research, or Computer Science</li><li>Related fields such as Computer Information Systems, Engineering, or Physical Sciences with a strong computational focus</li><li>Other scientific disciplines may qualify if accompanied by 5 or more upper level courses in mathematics 300 level or higher and or computer science</li><li>Broader degrees may be accepted if supported by a Data Science Certificate from an accredited institution</li></ul><br /><b>Clearance Requirement:</b><ul><li>Must possess an active TS SCI with appropriate Polygraph to be considered for this role</li></ul><br /><b>Why Choose Independent Software:</b><br><br>At Independent Software, our people are the mission. We’ve built a company around collaboration, integrity, and innovation and we make sure our team has the tools and support to grow, succeed, and thrive.<br />When you join us, you will:<ul><li>Support critical national security missions that matter</li><li>Be part of a close-knit, employee-first culture where your voice is heard</li><li>Expand your skills through ongoing training, mentorship, and career development</li><li>Enjoy competitive compensation, generous benefits, and work-life balance</li></ul><p><br />Ready to take the next step in your career? Join us and be part of something bigger.<br><br>Apply today.<br><br>We’re an equal opportunity employer. All applicants will be considered for employment without attention to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, veteran or disability status.</p> <p></p><p>Powered by JazzHR</p><p>LDHFWuHLFo</p></div></div>

<h3>Job Description</h3><div>Job Description<div><p><b>What you will be doing:</b></p><p>As a Data Scientist Level 3 with Independent Software, you will play a mission critical role in applying data science expertise to complex national security challenges. At Independent Software, you will not just be writing code you will be helping protect the nation by turning complex data into actionable intelligence. We foster a collaborative environment where innovation, purpose, and impact intersect. If you are looking for a workplace that values both technical excellence and real world mission relevance you will thrive here.</p><p>You will leverage your Python expertise, workflow automation, data manipulation, and visualization particularly within Jupyter Notebooks to support data driven decision making and operational efficiency. You will contribute to developing analytical tools, generating impactful insights, delivering sophisticated visualizations, and optimizing data pipelines. You will also apply your SIGINT background and experience with RF or PROFORMA data to enhance team capabilities and analytical approaches.</p><p><b>Key Responsibilities</b></p><ul><li>Apply skills across at least two of the following domains:<ul><li>Foundations: Mathematical, statistical, and computational theory and application</li><li>Data Processing: Data curation, transformation, visualization, reproducibility, pipeline automation, and optimization of inefficient processes</li><li>Modeling and Prediction: Statistical modeling, inference, forecasting, and domain specific analytics</li></ul></li><li>Draw conclusions from large, complex datasets using a combination of mathematical, statistical, and domain knowledge</li><li>Develop and apply analytic models and quantitative techniques tailored to unstructured or incomplete datasets often with unique national security constraints</li><li>Translate mission and analytical requirements into technical data specifications and guide others on interpreting results</li><li>Effectively convey complex technical concepts to diverse audiences including non technical stakeholders</li></ul><br /><b>Required Skills and Qualifications</b><ul><li>Proficient in Python and familiar with Jupyter Notebooks</li><li>Strong background in machine learning, statistical modeling, and algorithm development</li><li>Hands on experience with data cleaning, transformation, and analysis of large datasets from multiple sources</li><li>Experience with exploratory data analysis, hypothesis testing, and inference modeling</li><li>Knowledge of AI ML frameworks, data mining, and software engineering principles</li><li>Workflow automation, optimization of data pipelines, and ensuring reproducible analytics</li><li>Experience with PROFORMA or other RF data and SIGINT datasets</li></ul><br /><b>Education and Experience</b><ul><li>Master’s degree with 8 plus years of relevant experience or</li><li>Bachelor’s degree with 10 plus years of relevant experience or</li><li>Associate degree with 12 plus years of relevant experience</li></ul>Acceptable Degree Fields:<ul><li>Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Statistics, Machine Learning, Data Science, Operations Research, or Computer Science</li><li>Related fields such as Computer Information Systems, Engineering, or Physical Sciences with a strong computational focus</li><li>Other scientific disciplines may qualify if accompanied by 5 or more upper level courses in mathematics 300 level or higher and or computer science</li><li>Broader degrees may be accepted if supported by a Data Science Certificate from an accredited institution</li></ul><br /><b>Clearance Requirement</b><ul><li>Must possess an active TS SCI with appropriate Polygraph to be considered for this role</li></ul><br /><b>Why Choose Independent Software:</b><br><br>At Independent Software, our people are the mission. We’ve built a company around collaboration, integrity, and innovation and we make sure our team has the tools and support to grow, succeed, and thrive.<br />When you join us, you will:<ul><li>Support critical national security missions that matter</li><li>Be part of a close-knit, employee-first culture where your voice is heard</li><li>Expand your skills through ongoing training, mentorship, and career development</li><li>Enjoy competitive compensation, generous benefits, and work-life balance</li></ul><p><br />Ready to take the next step in your career? Join us and be part of something bigger.<br><br>Apply today.<br><br>We’re an equal opportunity employer. All applicants will be considered for employment without attention to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, veteran or disability status.<br><br> </p><p>Powered by JazzHR</p><p>q9vQ5KzjgM</p></div></div>

Question	Topic	Difficulty	Ask Chance
Boarding Times Bias	Statistics	Medium	Very High
Hundreds of Hypotheses	Statistics	Medium	Very High
First Touch Attribution	SQL	Hard	Very High

Independent Software Interview Questions

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Independent Software Interview Questions

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