Prepare for and practice interview questions from Annapurna Labs.

Annapurna Labs Interview Questions

A/B Testing

Algorithms

Analytics

Machine Learning

Probability

Product Metrics

Python

Statistics

Annapurna Labs Interview Guides

Suppose there exists a new airline named Jetco that flies domestically across North America. Jetco recently had a study commissioned that tested the boarding time of every airline, and it came out that Jetco had the fastest average boarding times of any airline.

What factors could have biased this result, and what would you look into?

What could potentially bias the average boarding time in favor of an airline that only flies domestically?

What could potentially bias the average boarding time in favor of an airline that only flies domestically?

Boarding Times Bias

A new airline came out as the fastest average boarding times compared to other airlines.  What factors could have biased this result and what would you look into?

You are testing hundreds of hypotheses with many t-tests. What considerations should be made?

What is a key disadvantage of the F-test when compared to multiple t-tests?

What is a key disadvantage of the F-test when compared to multiple t-tests?

Hundreds of Hypotheses

You are testing hundreds of hypotheses with many t-tests. What considerations should be made?

In an A/B test, how can you check if assignment to the various buckets was truly random?

In an A/B test, which of the following is a common method to determine if the assignment to the test groups was truly random?

In an A/B test, which of the following is a common method to determine if the assignment to the test groups was truly random?

Random Bucketing

A/B Testing & Experimentation

Job Description:The AWS Neuron Science Team is looking for talented scientists to enhance our software stack, accelerating customer adoption of Trainium and Inferentia accelerators. In this role, you will work directly with external and internal customers to identify key adoption barriers and optimization opportunities. You'll collaborate closely with our engineering teams to implement innovative solutions and engage with academic and research communities to advance state-of-the-art ML systems. As part of a strategic growth area for AWS, you'll work alongside distinguished engineers and scientists in an exciting and impactful environment. We actively work on these areas:- AI for Systems: Developing and applying ML/RL approaches for kernel/code generation and optimization- Machine Learning Compiler: Creating advanced compiler techniques for ML workloads- System Robustness: Building tools for accuracy and reliability validation- Efficient Kernel Development: Designing high-performance kernels optimized for our ML accelerator architecturesA day in the lifeAWS Utility Computing (UC) provides product innovations that continue to set AWS's services and features apart in the industry. As a member of the UC organization, you'll support the development and management of Compute, Database, Storage, Platform, and Productivity Apps services in AWS, including support for customers who require specialized security solutions for their cloud services. Additionally, this role may involve exposure to and experience with Amazon's growing suite of generative AI services and other cloud computing offerings across the AWS portfolio.About the teamAWS Neuron is the software of Trainium and Inferentia, the AWS Machine Learning chips. Inferentia delivers best-in-class ML inference performance at the lowest cost in the cloud to our AWS customers. Trainium is designed to deliver the best-in-class ML training performance at the lowest training cost in the cloud, and it's all being enabled by AWS Neuron. Neuron is a Software that include ML compiler and native integration into popular ML frameworks. Our products are being used at scale with external customers like Anthropic and Databricks as well as internal customers like Alexa, Amazon Bedrocks, Amazon Robotics, Amazon Ads, Amazon Rekognition and many more.About the teamDiverse ExperiencesAWS values diverse experiences. Even if you do not meet all of the preferred qualifications and skills listed in the job description, we encourage candidates to apply. If your career is just starting, hasn't followed a traditional path, or includes alternative experiences, don't let it stop you from applying.Why AWS?Amazon Web Services (AWS) is the world's most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform. We pioneered cloud computing and never stopped innovating -- that's why customers from the most successful startups to Global 500 companies trust our robust suite of products and services to power their businesses.Inclusive Team CultureAWS values curiosity and connection. Our employee-led and company-sponsored affinity groups promote inclusion and empower our people to take pride in what makes us unique. Our inclusion events foster stronger, more collaborative teams. Our continual innovation is fueled by the bold ideas, fresh perspectives, and passionate voices our teams bring to everything we do.Mentorship &amp; Career GrowthWe're continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth's Best Employer. That's why you'll find endless knowledge-sharing, mentorship and other career-advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional.Work/Life BalanceWe value work-life harmony. Achieving success at work should never come at the expense of sacrifices at home, which is why we strive for flexibility as part of our working culture. When we feel supported in the workplace and at home, there's nothing we can't achieve.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- PhD in computer science, computer engineering, or related field- Experience in patents or publications at top-tier peer-reviewed conferences or journals- Experience in any of the following areas: algorithms and data structures, parsing, numerical optimization, data mining, parallel and distributed computing, high-performance computing- Experience programming in Java, C++, Python or related language- Experience using Unix/LinuxPREFERRED QUALIFICATIONS- Experience in investigating, designing, prototyping, and delivering new and innovative system solutions- Experience in state-of-the-art deep learning models architecture design and deep learning training and optimization and model pruning- Experience with popular deep learning frameworks such as MxNet and Tensor FlowAmazon is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate on the basis of protected veteran status, disability, or other legally protected status.Los Angeles County applicants: Job duties for this position include: work safely and cooperatively with other employees, supervisors, and staff; adhere to standards of excellence despite stressful conditions; communicate effectively and respectfully with employees, supervisors, and staff to ensure exceptional customer service; and follow all federal, state, and local laws and Company policies. Criminal history may have a direct, adverse, and negative relationship with some of the material job duties of this position. These include the duties and responsibilities listed above, as well as the abilities to adhere to company policies, exercise sound judgment, effectively manage stress and work safely and respectfully with others, exhibit trustworthiness and professionalism, and safeguard business operations and the Company's reputation. Pursuant to the Los Angeles County Fair Chance Ordinance, we will consider for employment qualified applicants with arrest and conviction records.Our inclusive culture empowers Amazonians to deliver the best results for our customers. If you have a disability and need a workplace accommodation or adjustment during the application and hiring process, including support for the interview or onboarding process, please visit https://amazon.jobs/content/en/how-we-hire/accommodations for more information. If the country/region you're applying in isn't listed, please contact your Recruiting Partner.Our compensation reflects the cost of labor across several US geographic markets. The base pay for this position ranges from $136,000/year in our lowest geographic market up to $223,400/year in our highest geographic market. Pay is based on a number of factors including market location and may vary depending on job-related knowledge, skills, and experience. Amazon is a total compensation company. Dependent on the position offered, equity, sign-on payments, and other forms of compensation may be provided as part of a total compensation package, in addition to a full range of medical, financial, and/or other benefits. For more information, please visit https://www.aboutamazon.com/workplace/employee-benefits. This position will remain posted until filled. Applicants should apply via our internal or external career site.

Job Description:AWS Neuron is the complete software stack for the AWS Inferentia and Trainium cloud-scale machinelearning accelerators and the Trn1 and Inf1 servers that use them. This role is for a software engineer in the Machine Learning Applications (ML Apps) team for AWS Neuron. This role is responsible for development, enablement and performance tuning of a wide variety of ML model families, including massive scale large language models like LLama4, Mixtral, DBRX and beyond, as well as stable diffusion, Vision Transformers and many more. The Distributed training team works side by side with chip architects, compiler engineers and runtime engineers to create , build and tune distributed training solutions with Trainium. Experience training these large models using Python is a must. FSDP, Deepspeed and other distributed training libraries are central to this and extending all of this for the Neuron based system is key.Key job responsibilitiesThis role will help lead the efforts building distributed training support into Pytorch and Jax using XLA and the Neuron compiler and runtime stacks. This role will help tune these models to ensure highest performance and maximize the efficiency of them running on the customer AWS Trainium . Strong software development and ML knowledge are both critical to this role.About the teamAbout UsInclusive Team CultureHere at AWS, we embrace our differences. We are committed to furthering our culture of inclusion. We have ten employee-led affinity groups, reaching 40,000 employees in over 190 chapters globally. We have innovative benefit offerings, and host annual and ongoing learning experiences, including our Conversations on Race and Ethnicity (CORE) and AmazeCon (gender diversity) conferences. Amazon's culture of inclusion is reinforced within our 16 Leadership Principles, which remind team members to seek diverse perspectives, learn and be curious, and earn trust.Work/Life BalanceOur team puts a high value on work-life balance. It isn't about how many hours you spend at home or at work; it's about the flow you establish that brings energy to both parts of your life. We believe striking the right balance between your personal and professional life is critical to life-long happiness and fulfillment. We offer flexibility in working hours and encourage you to find your own balance between your work and personal lives.Mentorship &amp; Career GrowthOur team is dedicated to supporting new members. We have a broad mix of experience levels and tenures, and we're building an environment that celebrates knowledge sharing and mentorship. We care about your career growth and strive to assign projects based on what will help each team member develop into a better-rounded professional and enable them to take on more complex tasks in the future.BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- 3years of full software development life cycle, including coding standards, code reviews, source control management, build processes, testing, and operations experience- 3years of non-internship professional software development experience- 2years of non-internship design or architecture (design patterns, reliability and scaling) of new and existing systems experience- Experience programming with at least one software programming languagePREFERRED QUALIFICATIONS- Bachelor's degree in computer science or equivalent- 2years of experience with ML system design, including model architecture, and scalable training and inference systems- Experience with modern ML frameworks (TensorFlow, PyTorch, JAX, or similar) and programming in Python or similar languagesAmazon is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate on the basis of protected veteran status, disability, or other legally protected status.Los Angeles County applicants: Job duties for this position include: work safely and cooperatively with other employees, supervisors, and staff; adhere to standards of excellence despite stressful conditions; communicate effectively and respectfully with employees, supervisors, and staff to ensure exceptional customer service; and follow all federal, state, and local laws and Company policies. Criminal history may have a direct, adverse, and negative relationship with some of the material job duties of this position. These include the duties and responsibilities listed above, as well as the abilities to adhere to company policies, exercise sound judgment, effectively manage stress and work safely and respectfully with others, exhibit trustworthiness and professionalism, and safeguard business operations and the Company's reputation. Pursuant to the Los Angeles County Fair Chance Ordinance, we will consider for employment qualified applicants with arrest and conviction records.Our inclusive culture empowers Amazonians to deliver the best results for our customers. If you have a disability and need a workplace accommodation or adjustment during the application and hiring process, including support for the interview or onboarding process, please visit https://amazon.jobs/content/en/how-we-hire/accommodations for more information. If the country/region you're applying in isn't listed, please contact your Recruiting Partner.Our compensation reflects the cost of labor across several US geographic markets. The base pay for this position ranges from $129,300/year in our lowest geographic market up to $223,600/year in our highest geographic market. Pay is based on a number of factors including market location and may vary depending on job-related knowledge, skills, and experience. Amazon is a total compensation company. Dependent on the position offered, equity, sign-on payments, and other forms of compensation may be provided as part of a total compensation package, in addition to a full range of medical, financial, and/or other benefits. For more information, please visit https://www.aboutamazon.com/workplace/employee-benefits. This position will remain posted until filled. Applicants should apply via our internal or external career site.

Job Description:Annapurna Labs designs silicon and software that accelerates innovation. Customers choose us to create cloud solutions that solve challenges that were unimaginable a short time ago--even yesterday. Our custom chips, accelerators, and software stacks enable us to take on technical challenges that have never been seen before, and deliver results that help our customers change the world.In Annapurna Labs we are at the forefront of hardware/software co-design not just in Amazon Web Services (AWS) but across the industry. Our Chassis Software team is looking for candidates interested in diving deep into the different hardware technologies that power our Machine Learning servers and develop the software and firmware to drive, support and sustain these technologies as they evolve though concept and manufacturing, and finally take their place in our rapidly expanding fleet of cutting edge Machine Learning products our customers demand.Key job responsibilities- Provide Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) and Satellite Management Controller (SMC) software and firmware for Machine Learning Accelerator (MLA) servers.- Continuously collaborate with other server and board software teams responsible for accelerator management firmware and other programmable logic devices.- Work within the larger MLA Systems Software group to support development of mission-mode firmware, exercisers for manufacturing and vetting, and automation for qualification and deployment.- Engage in new product development by participating in early concept design reviews, schematic approvals, offsite board bringup and laboratory-based testing.A day in the lifeThe MLA Chassis Software team was formed to focus on board firmware primarily for mission-mode control of sensors and other board-level hardware. This includes debug, testing, qualification, and manufacturing. We touch technologies from device drivers to the I2C infrastructure pervasive in the server and everything in between. We are not working on machine learning algorithms, but rather we work on the physical systems (hardware) which execute and accelerate those machine learning algorithms. Data paths, I2C, and device control are our bread and butter. Some of us know what a Tensor is but really it's not what we do.About the teamOur team is dedicated to supporting new members. We have a broad mix of experience levels and tenures, and we're building an environment that celebrates knowledge-sharing and mentorship. Our senior members enjoy one-on-one mentoring and thorough, but kind, code reviews. We care about your career growth and strive to assign projects that help our team members develop your engineering expertise so you feel empowered to take on more complex tasks in the future.Diverse ExperiencesAWS values diverse experiences. Even if you do not meet all of the qualifications and skills listed in the job description, we encourage candidates to apply. If your career is just starting, hasn't followed a traditional path, or includes alternative experiences, don't let it stop you from applying. About AWSAmazon Web Services (AWS) is the world's most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform. We pioneered cloud computing and never stopped innovating -- that's why customers from the most successful startups to Global 500 companies trust our robust suite of products and services to power their businesses.Inclusive Team CultureHere at AWS, it's in our nature to learn and be curious. Our employee-led affinity groups foster a culture of inclusion that empower us to be proud of our differences. Ongoing events and learning experiences, including our Conversations on Race and Ethnicity (CORE) and AmazeCon (gender diversity) conferences, inspire us to never stop embracing our uniqueness.Work/Life BalanceWe value work-life harmony. Achieving success at work should never come at the expense of sacrifices at home, which is why we strive for flexibility as part of our working culture. When we feel supported in the workplace and at home, there's nothing we can't achieve in the cloud. Mentorship &amp; Career GrowthWe're continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth's Best Employer. That's why you'll find endless knowledge-sharing, mentorship and other career-advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional. BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- 5years of non-internship professional software development experience- 5years of programming with at least one software programming language experience- 5years of leading design or architecture (design patterns, reliability and scaling) of new and existing systems experience- 5years of full software development life cycle, including coding standards, code reviews, source control management, build processes, testing, and operations experience- Experience as a mentor, tech lead or leading an engineering teamPREFERRED QUALIFICATIONS- Bachelor's degree in computer science or equivalent- Experience writing software for DDR/HBM controllers and PHYsAmazon is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate on the basis of protected veteran status, disability, or other legally protected status.Our inclusive culture empowers Amazonians to deliver the best results for our customers. If you have a disability and need a workplace accommodation or adjustment during the application and hiring process, including support for the interview or onboarding process, please visit https://amazon.jobs/content/en/how-we-hire/accommodations for more information. If the country/region you're applying in isn't listed, please contact your Recruiting Partner.Our compensation reflects the cost of labor across several US geographic markets. The base pay for this position ranges from $151,300/year in our lowest geographic market up to $261,500/year in our highest geographic market. Pay is based on a number of factors including market location and may vary depending on job-related knowledge, skills, and experience. Amazon is a total compensation company. Dependent on the position offered, equity, sign-on payments, and other forms of compensation may be provided as part of a total compensation package, in addition to a full range of medical, financial, and/or other benefits. For more information, please visit https://www.aboutamazon.com/workplace/employee-benefits. This position will remain posted until filled. Applicants should apply via our internal or external career site.

Job Description:Annapurna Labs designs silicon and software that accelerates innovation. Customers choose us to create cloud solutions that solve challenges that were unimaginable a short time ago--even yesterday. Our custom chips, accelerators, and software stacks enable us to take on technical challenges that have never been seen before, and deliver results that help our customers change the world.In Annapurna Labs we are at the forefront of hardware/software co-design not just in Amazon Web Services (AWS) but across the industry. Our Chassis Software team is looking for candidates interested in diving deep into the different hardware technologies that power our Machine Learning servers and develop the software and firmware to drive, support and sustain these technologies as they evolve though concept and manufacturing, and finally take their place in our rapidly expanding fleet of cutting edge Machine Learning products our customers demand.Key job responsibilities- Provide Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) and Satellite Management Controller (SMC) software and firmware for Machine Learning Accelerator (MLA) servers.- Continuously collaborate with other server and board software teams responsible for accelerator management firmware and other programmable logic devices.- Work within the larger MLA Systems Software group to support development of mission-mode firmware, exercisers for manufacturing and vetting, and automation for qualification and deployment.- Engage in new product development by participating in early concept design reviews, schematic approvals, offsite board bringup and laboratory-based testing.A day in the lifeThe MLA Chassis Software team was formed to focus on board firmware primarily for mission-mode control of sensors and other board-level hardware. This includes debug, testing, qualification, and manufacturing. We touch technologies from device drivers to the I2C infrastructure pervasive in the server and everything in between. We are not working on machine learning algorithms, but rather we work on the physical systems (hardware) which execute and accelerate those machine learning algorithms. Data paths, I2C, and device control are our bread and butter. Some of us know what a Tensor is but really it's not what we do.About the teamOur team is dedicated to supporting new members. We have a broad mix of experience levels and tenures, and we're building an environment that celebrates knowledge-sharing and mentorship. Our senior members enjoy one-on-one mentoring and thorough, but kind, code reviews. We care about your career growth and strive to assign projects that help our team members develop your engineering expertise so you feel empowered to take on more complex tasks in the future.Diverse ExperiencesAWS values diverse experiences. Even if you do not meet all of the qualifications and skills listed in the job description, we encourage candidates to apply. If your career is just starting, hasn't followed a traditional path, or includes alternative experiences, don't let it stop you from applying. About AWSAmazon Web Services (AWS) is the world's most comprehensive and broadly adopted cloud platform. We pioneered cloud computing and never stopped innovating -- that's why customers from the most successful startups to Global 500 companies trust our robust suite of products and services to power their businesses.Inclusive Team CultureHere at AWS, it's in our nature to learn and be curious. Our employee-led affinity groups foster a culture of inclusion that empower us to be proud of our differences. Ongoing events and learning experiences, including our Conversations on Race and Ethnicity (CORE) and AmazeCon (gender diversity) conferences, inspire us to never stop embracing our uniqueness.Work/Life BalanceWe value work-life harmony. Achieving success at work should never come at the expense of sacrifices at home, which is why we strive for flexibility as part of our working culture. When we feel supported in the workplace and at home, there's nothing we can't achieve in the cloud. Mentorship & Career GrowthWe're continuously raising our performance bar as we strive to become Earth's Best Employer. That's why you'll find endless knowledge-sharing, mentorship and other career-advancing resources here to help you develop into a better-rounded professional. BASIC QUALIFICATIONS- 5years of non-internship professional software development experience- 5years of programming with at least one software programming language experience- 5years of leading design or architecture (design patterns, reliability and scaling) of new and existing systems experience- 5years of full software development life cycle, including coding standards, code reviews, source control management, build processes, testing, and operations experience- Experience as a mentor, tech lead or leading an engineering teamPREFERRED QUALIFICATIONS- Bachelor's degree in computer science or equivalent- Experience writing software for DDR/HBM controllers and PHYsAmazon is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate on the basis of protected veteran status, disability, or other legally protected status.Our inclusive culture empowers Amazonians to deliver the best results for our customers. If you have a disability and need a workplace accommodation or adjustment during the application and hiring process, including support for the interview or onboarding process, please visit https://amazon.jobs/content/en/how-we-hire/accommodations for more information. If the country/region you're applying in isn't listed, please contact your Recruiting Partner.Our compensation reflects the cost of labor across several US geographic markets. The base pay for this position ranges from $151,300/year in our lowest geographic market up to $261,500/year in our highest geographic market. Pay is based on a number of factors including market location and may vary depending on job-related knowledge, skills, and experience. Amazon is a total compensation company. Dependent on the position offered, equity, sign-on payments, and other forms of compensation may be provided as part of a total compensation package, in addition to a full range of medical, financial, and/or other benefits. For more information, please visit https://www.aboutamazon.com/workplace/employee-benefits. This position will remain posted until filled. Applicants should apply via our internal or external career site.

Question	Topic	Difficulty	Ask Chance
Boarding Times Bias	Statistics	Medium	Very High
Hundreds of Hypotheses	Statistics	Medium	Very High
Random Bucketing	A/B Testing & Experimentation	Medium	Very High

Annapurna Labs Interview Questions

Annapurna Labs Interview Guides

Annapurna Labs Interview Questions

Annapurna Labs Opening Jobs