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The Judge Group Interview Questions

A/B Testing

Algorithms

Analytics

Machine Learning

Probability

Product Metrics

Python

Statistics

The Judge Group Interview Guides

Suppose there exists a new airline named Jetco that flies domestically across North America. Jetco recently had a study commissioned that tested the boarding time of every airline, and it came out that Jetco had the fastest average boarding times of any airline.

What factors could have biased this result, and what would you look into?

What could potentially bias the average boarding time in favor of an airline that only flies domestically?

What could potentially bias the average boarding time in favor of an airline that only flies domestically?

Boarding Times Bias

A new airline came out as the fastest average boarding times compared to other airlines.  What factors could have biased this result and what would you look into?

You are testing hundreds of hypotheses with many t-tests. What considerations should be made?

What is a key disadvantage of the F-test when compared to multiple t-tests?

What is a key disadvantage of the F-test when compared to multiple t-tests?

Hundreds of Hypotheses

You are testing hundreds of hypotheses with many t-tests. What considerations should be made?

Let’s say you work for a social media company that has just done a launch in a new city. Looking at weekly metrics, you see a slow decrease in the average number of comments per user from January to March in this city.

The company has been consistently growing new users in the city from January to March.

What are some reasons why the average number of comments per user would be decreasing and what metrics would you look into?

What metric could be used to measure if active users are still engaging on the platform despite an overall decrease in the average number of comments per user?

What metric could be used to measure if active users are still engaging on the platform despite an overall decrease in the average number of comments per user?

Decreasing Comments

How would you investigate a decline in the average number of comments per user?

The Judge Group Salaries by Position

Hybrid role 3X a week in office in Elk Grove, CA; no remote capabilities This is a direct hire opportunity. Summary:We’re seeking a seasoned Senior Data Platform Engineer to design, build, and optimize scalable data solutions that power analytics, reporting, and AI/ML initiatives. This full‑time role is hands‑on, working with architects, analysts, and business stakeholders to ensure data systems are reliable, secure, and high‑performing. Responsibilites: <ul><li>Build and maintain robust data pipelines (structured, semi‑structured, unstructured).</li><li>Implement ETL workflows with Spark, Delta Lake, and cloud‑native tools.</li><li>Support big data platforms (Databricks, Snowflake, GCP) in production.</li><li>Troubleshoot and optimize SQL queries, Spark jobs, and workloads.</li><li>Ensure governance, security, and compliance across data systems.</li><li>Integrate workflows into CI/CD pipelines with Git, Jenkins, Terraform.</li><li>Collaborate cross‑functionally to translate business needs into technical solutions.</li></ul> Qualifications:<ul><li>7+ years in data engineering with production pipeline experience.</li><li>Expertise in Spark ecosystem, Databricks, Snowflake, GCP.</li><li>Strong skills in PySpark, Python, SQL.</li><li>Experience with RAG systems, semantic search, and LLM integration.</li><li>Familiarity with Kafka, Pub/Sub, vector databases.</li><li>Proven ability to optimize ETL jobs and troubleshoot production issues.</li><li>Agile team experience and excellent communication skills.</li><li>Certifications in Databricks, Snowflake, GCP, or Azure.</li><li>Exposure to Airflow, BI tools (Power BI, Looker Studio).</li></ul>

This is a Direct Hire positions so please no Corps, w-2 only4 days/week onsite Summary: The Machine Learning Engineer will design, implement, and optimize production-ready ML models, working closely with data scientists and engineers to deliver innovative AI solutions. You will ensure that models are performant, maintainable, and seamlessly integrated with enterprise systems. You will report to the Vice President, Technology Innovation. The Day-to-Day:<ul><li>Build and deploy machine learning models into production environments</li><li>Optimize model training and inference pipelines for performance and scalability</li><li>Collaborate with data engineers to design robust feature pipelines</li><li>Leverage APIs and microservices for integrating AI models into enterprise applications</li><li>Ensure models are explainable, reliable, and compliant with regulatory requirements</li><li>Work with cloud-native ML services (Azure ML, Kubernetes, Docker)</li><li>Research and implement state-of-the-art ML methods for business applications</li><li>Apply NVIDIA NIMs for model optimization and scaling, and use NeMo services for model development and fine-tuning</li></ul> Your Qualifications:<ul><li>10+ years’ experience developing data-related solutions and software</li><li>5+ years of experience as an ML Engineer or Software Engineer with ML focus</li><li>5+ years of proficient experience with Python, strong experience in ML frameworks (TensorFlow, PyTorch, Scikit-learn)</li><li>Experience with distributed training and optimization on GPUs (CUDA, RAPIDS)</li><li>Familiarity with data pipelines (Spark, Databricks, Kafka)</li><li>Hands-on experience with CI/CD for ML workflows and container orchestration (Docker, Kubernetes)</li><li>Strong knowledge of algorithms, data structures, and ML system design</li><li>Practical experience deploying on Azure AI services, and use NVIDIA NeMo and NIMs for LLM and generative AI workloads</li><li>Bachelor’s degree in computer science, Machine Learning, or related field</li></ul>

Location: Jersey City/ONSITE/ NO C2C/NO C2H/NO THIRD PARTIES/ONLY W2/ ONLY LOCALS TO NJ/NY - NO RELOCATION CANDIDATES Skillset: Data EngineerMust Haves: Python, PySpark, AWS – ECS, Glue, Lambda, S3Nice to Haves: Java, Spark, React JsInterview Process: Interview Process: 2 rounds, 2nd will be on site You’re ready to gain the skills and experience needed to grow within your role and advance your career — and we have the perfect software engineering opportunity for you.As a Data Engineer III - Python / Spark / Data Lake at JPMorgan Chase within the Consumer and Community Bank , you will be a seasoned member of an agile team, tasked with designing and delivering reliable data collection, storage, access, and analytics solutions that are secure, stable, and scalable. Your responsibilities will include developing, testing, and maintaining essential data pipelines and architectures across diverse technical areas, supporting various business functions to achieve the firm's business objectives. Job responsibilities:• Supports review of controls to ensure sufficient protection of enterprise data.• Advises and makes custom configuration changes in one to two tools to generate a product at the business or customer request.• Updates logical or physical data models based on new use cases.• Frequently uses SQL and understands NoSQL databases and their niche in the marketplace.• Adds to team culture of diversity, opportunity, inclusion, and respect.• Develop enterprise data models, Design/ develop/ maintain large-scale data processing pipelines (and infrastructure), Lead code reviews and provide mentoring thru the process, Drive data quality, Ensure data accessibility (to analysts and data scientists), Ensure compliance with data governance requirements, and Ensure business alignment (ensure data engineering practices align with business goals).• Supports review of controls to ensure sufficient protection of enterprise data Required qualifications, capabilities, and skills• Formal training or certification on data engineering concepts and 2+ years applied experience• Experience across the data lifecycle, advanced experience with SQL (e.g., joins and aggregations), and working understanding of NoSQL databases• Experience with statistical data analysis and ability to determine appropriate tools and data patterns to perform analysis• Extensive experience in AWS, design, implementation, and maintenance of data pipelines using Python and PySpark.• Proficient in Python and PySpark, able to write and execute complex queries to perform curation and build views required by end users (single and multi-dimensional).• Proven experience in performance and tuning to ensure jobs are running at optimal levels and no performance bottleneck.• Advanced proficiency in leveraging Gen AI models from Anthropic (or OpenAI, or Google) using APIs/SDKs• Advanced proficiency in cloud data lakehouse platform such as AWS data lake services, Databricks or Hadoop, relational data store such as Postgres, Oracle or similar, and at least one NOSQL data store such as Cassandra, Dynamo, MongoDB or similar• Advanced proficiency in Cloud Data Warehouse Snowflake, AWS Redshift• Advanced proficiency in at least one scheduling/orchestration tool such as Airflow, AWS Step Functions or similar• Proficiency in Unix scripting, data structures, data serialization formats such as JSON, AVRO, Protobuf, or similar, big-data storage formats such as Parquet, Iceberg, or similar, data processing methodologies such as batch, micro-batching, or stream, one or more data modelling techniques such as Dimensional, Data Vault, Kimball, Inmon, etc., Agile methodology, TDD or BDD and CI/CD tools. Preferred qualifications, capabilities, and skills • Knowledge of data governance and security best practices.• Experience in carrying out data analysis to support business insights.• Strong Python and Spark

HybridChicago, IL6+ months Project Overview / Contractor’s Role:IT Infrastructure organization is looking for a Business Analyst to join its ITSM Metrics & Analytics team. As part of an Agile development team, this individual will be responsible for business analysis, requirements, design of custom developed Business Intelligence data products using Microsoft's Power BI product, assuring that all business and technical requirements are being met. Qualifications (must haves):> Agile Methodology>Prior experience performing in a BA role is recommended but not required, preferably involving ITSM processes and/or developing Business Intelligence data products> Excellent communication, interpersonal and organizational skills are required> Strong analytical and problem solving skills> Ability to work both independently and in mixed onshore/offshore teams> A positive goal orientated attitude with a focus on delivery Nice to Have:• Familiarity with ITIL/ITSM processes: Change, Incident, Problem, CMDB, SAM, HAM• Azure DevOps for work item and backlog management• Technical skills focusing on ServiceNow, SQL, BI/visualization tools (Power BI, Tableau, etc) Tasks & Responsibilities:• Interface with ServiceNow product teams both on-shore and offshore to design solutions to meet their needs• Serve as a primary liaison between ServiceNow product teams and the Power BI development team• Translate portions of ServiceNow product roadmaps into Features and User Stories• Manage Features, User Stories, and Defects in Azure DevOps• Communicate status (written and verbal) to relevant stakeholders

This position will be responsible for the design, development, manufacture, and maintenance of training devices for a wide variety of commercial and military aircraft - everything from F-15 fighter jets to Apache attack helicopters, and even NASA's Starliner spacecraft. Software engineers on this team are responsible for all phases of the software lifecycle, including architecture, design, implementation and test. They are also directly involved in planning their own work, as part of the agile methodology, with a focus on technical excellence. This team is a large software development team comprised of several smaller agile teams, some with specialized skills. Our backlog includes everything from new feature development using cutting-edge technology to maintenance of legacy software baselines. The successful candidate will need to be comfortable working in an often fast-paced environment within a two-week "sprint" schedule. Position Responsibilities• Designs, architects, and develops simulation models, simulation visualizations, virtual environments/platforms, and frameworks to enhance test performance, safety, and durability of software and hardware systems throughout the entire product lifecycle.• Partners with stakeholders to review and identify simulation requirements and dynamics of the systems being simulated.• Performs design, modeling, simulation, testing, and analysis to assess and optimize overall system performance and capabilities.• Performs data collection and processing for use in simulations.• Validates, verifies, and refines simulation software code, models, simulations, test procedures and test environments, executing test procedures and documenting test results and models against real-world data, test data, benchmarks, or other similar models.• Documents and maintains technical code, algorithms, specifications and descriptions of simulation models.• Partners with cross functional engineering teams to enable integration of simulation software with hardware devices and systems.• Implements current and emerging technologies, tools, frameworks, and methods in the software engineering simulation environment.• Modernizes, migrates, sustains, and updates simulation software to adapt legacy systems to new operating systems.• Performs simulation software project management functions. Basic Qualifications• Bachelor’s Degree in an engineering discipline• 8+ years of experience in software engineering• 5 years of experience in C++,C#, C, Rust or other programming languages• 5 years of experience in Window and/or Linux distributions• 5 years of experience in Gitlab or IDE tools• 5 years of experience in software development/ agile environment Preferred Qualifications• Knowledge of aircraft systems, including weapons, night vision system, mechanics, hydraulics, electronics, flight controls, etc.• Knowledge of cloud architecture, including the different types of clouds (public, private, and hybrid), the different cloud platforms and the various components involved (computing, storaging and networking). Ability to automate and script skills. Knowledge of containerization technologies which includes understanding how to manage containers, deploy applications in a containerized environment, and troubleshoot issues. Knowledge of understanding of networking concepts, including IP addressing, subnetting, routing, and security (focus on security best practices and technologies).• Knowledge of specification format requirements, guidelines, and change control processes. Understanding of relationship between specifications/standards and aircraft/product certification systems.• Knowledge of various engineering disciplines such as electrical, mechanical, and systems. The ability to communicate with technical personnel from multiple skill areas and functions to evaluate technical information and issues impacting design, production, and support of products, services, or other deliverables.• Knowledge of how to derive and allocate requirements (e.g., system, sub-system, software) and show traceability throughout the product lifecycle.• Knowledge and ability to design, develop, integrate, apply, and test software models, simulations, framework environments, tools, and applications with higher order programming languages, assembly, and auto-code. Ability to perform Application Programming Interface (API) design, implementation, and testing. Knowledge of real-time software architecture and design methodologies to synthesize models and simulation frameworks that meet real-time requirements; this includes knowledge of real-time target environments, its processor and network architecture, communication protocols, and electrical interfaces.• Knowledge of software architecture and design methodologies. Ability to synthesize software architectures and designs that meet requirements, characteristics and constraints.• Knowledge of build and execution environments that include hosts, processors, operating systems, and networks. Ability to build, integrate, test, and troubleshoot software components comprising simulation models and build/execution frameworks. Knowledge of verification, validation, certification, and qualification processes.• Ability to design and develop software testing processes for different units, modules or components of a software application as a combined and integrated entity. It includes deep knowledge of integration-testing tools.• Ability to apply knowledge of 2D and/or 3D computer graphics to generate data representation and to communicate information. Ability to build animated graphics--graphic simulations simulating how systems work. Understanding of visual analytics tools and research. Background and familiarity with algorithms for image processing. Knowledge of multiple programming languages and operating systems to develop prototypes in this technology area. Ability to integrate hardware and software components into demonstrations. <ul><li>Education / Experience: Bachelor’s Degree in an engineering discipline</li></ul>

3 days a week on-site About the RoleWe’re seeking a Business Systems Product Manager to join our client’s Business Systems team. This role is responsible for leading the strategy, development, and optimization of internal business systems that support key functions such as billing, subscription services, and customer support. You’ll collaborate cross-functionally to deliver scalable, user-centric solutions that drive operational efficiency and enhance customer experience. Responsibilities<ul><li>Own the product lifecycle for internal business systems, from discovery through delivery and iteration.</li><li>Partner with internal stakeholders to gather requirements, define use cases, and translate business needs into technical specifications.</li><li>Develop and maintain product documentation including epics, user stories, data flows, API interactions, and UI/UX requirements.</li><li>Prioritize and manage the product backlog in alignment with strategic goals.</li><li>Analyze product feedback to identify defects, enhancement opportunities, and areas for innovation.</li><li>Collaborate with business leadership to define product roadmaps and development priorities.</li><li>Act as a Product Owner in Agile ceremonies, driving sprint planning, reviews, and retrospectives.</li><li>Communicate product strategy, roadmap, and performance metrics to stakeholders and executive leadership.</li><li>Support product launch activities including demos, training, and support enablement.</li><li>Partner with third-party vendors to expand product capabilities.</li><li>Define and monitor product KPIs to measure success and inform future development.</li><li>Provide go/no-go decisions during release cycles.</li><li>Step in as a Business Analyst when needed to support project execution.</li></ul> Minimum Qualifications<ul><li>Bachelor’s degree in a relevant field.</li><li>3+ years of experience in product management or product development.</li><li>2+ years of experience leading cross-functional teams.</li><li>Proven ability to conduct discovery sessions and translate insights into actionable requirements.</li><li>Hands-on experience with Agile methodologies, including backlog grooming and story writing.</li><li>Strong communication and presentation skills.</li></ul> Preferred Qualifications<ul><li>Experience with platforms such as Microsoft Dynamics, Zuora, and Drupal.</li><li>Familiarity with modern UI frameworks (e.g., Angular) and API-driven architectures.</li></ul> Salary Target: $115-125k base + bonus

This is a direct hire opportunity and hybrid to Elk Grove, CA Relocation package is available.Product experience is required. Microsoft Dynamics experience is required. Position Responsibilities - Other duties may be assigned:· Build, enhance and maintain business systems / solutions used to manage the internal business processes (e.g. billing, subscription services, customer support activities, etc.).· Work directly with internal customers to perform discovery and requirements gathering activities.· Write epics and user stories and prioritize backlog based on product strategy and vision.o Create detailed documentation and requirements that will be used by the system architects, developers and QA team members to make functional changes to the product. The documentation will include technical details related to data updates, API calls, database structure, UI technologies (e.g. Angular), data flows, use cases, etc.· Work with internal customers and technology teams to gather and analyze internal product feedback.o Document and analyze product feedback for defects to be remediated and new functionality to be developed.· Collaborate with the Business leadership to assess, determine and document product development priorities.· Drive the delivery of valuable, usable and feasible solutions.o Understand complex systems, functionality, datasets, API services, data flows, etc. so that he/she can identify areas that need further investigation and definition to ensure that product development efforts will result in an effective product for the business.· Set the vision for product development and create product roadmaps.· Work with cross-functional teams to align efforts and evangelize the product strategy throughout the organization.o Communicate competently and confidently in meetings with the teams to gather requirements, elicit information on technical challenges and describe the current and future system functionality.· Partner with 3rd parties to extend product offerings.· Assist cross-functional groups with product launch activities including, but not limited to product demos, product training, and support processes.· Act as a scrum Product Owner in absence of a formal Product Owner.· Communicate the product strategy, roadmap, deliverables, performance, etc. to stakeholders and C-level employees within the organization.· Help define product KPIs and participate in the monitoring and reporting of the data.· Attend release sessions and provide Go/No-Go decision within the process.· Perform Business Analyst responsibilities in absence of an assigned Business Analyst. Position Requirements:· BA/BS Bachelor’s Degree· 3+ years of professional experience in Product Management or Product Development· 2+ years of managing cross-functional teams· Demonstrated ability to perform thorough discovery activities, translate information into customer needs and create meaningful requirements· Professional Agile experience, including story writing and backlog prioritization/management· Excellent communication and presentation skills· Experience with Microsoft Dynamics, Zuora, Drupal platform, etc. is a plus

Our client is currently seeking a Java Developer This is a Hybrid Position to downtown Chicago (3 days a week onsite) Responsibilities<ul><li>Design and implement an automation testing framework</li><li>Harden and optimize existing frameworks for reliability and performance</li><li>Develop and maintain scalable web services using Spring Boot</li><li>Build systems for processing large datasets efficiently</li><li>Create and manage CI/CD pipelines using Jenkins</li><li>Support migration efforts from first-generation automation frameworks to NextGen platforms</li></ul>Minimum Qualifications<ul><li>Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science or related field, or equivalent practical experience</li><li>5+ years of professional experience in Java development</li><li>Strong understanding of object-oriented programming and design principles</li><li>Experience developing multithreaded, distributed, and performant applications</li><li>Proficiency in testing Java-based distributed systems</li><li>Solid grasp of software testing principles and methodologies</li></ul>Preferred Qualifications<ul><li>Experience with Spring Boot and building RESTful web services</li><li>Proficiency in Python for scripting and automation</li><li>Familiarity with containerization tools such as Docker or Podman</li><li>Experience with cloud platforms and big data technologies (Kafka, AWS, S3, PostgreSQL, Redis)</li><li>Knowledge of build automation and dependency management tools</li></ul>Rate: $60-80/HR

We are looking for a SAP Business Analyst with experience with FICO modules This is a contract to hire that must be done hybrid onsite in the St Louis, MO area Responsibilities: <ul><li>Strong skills in design and configuration of Controlling modules: Internal Orders, Profitability Analysis, & Product Costing</li><li>Handling of incidents/tickets for SAP FICO across various instances of SAP</li><li>Research and document current business processes/ customizations and provide process improvement recommendations with focus on standard SAP process solutions</li><li>Diagnose, analyze and resolve issues efficiently. Contribute to continuous improvement initiatives</li></ul> Skills, Experience and Behaviors<ul><li>4 + years demonstrated configuration skills in FI and CO, preferably in HANA</li><li>Must have at least 5+ years of hands-on configuration experience with SAP ECC 6.0 or S/4 HANA</li><li>Excellent analytical and problem-solving skills</li></ul>

We are looking for a Product Analyst to assist with Product Readiness or Product Go to Market activities This is a long term contract that is hybrid 3 days in the Deerfield Responsibilities<ul><li>Determine and Define market readiness strategy for supported product, develop project/ implementation plan and apply the product go to market framework</li><li>Execute on your plan to deliver all suitable To Market Materials including Trainings and Webinars as required for successful launch</li><li>Review all Client Communications by various internal stakeholders including Legal in time for product launch</li><li>Write comprehensive, accurate, legal-approved product documentation for use by internal stakeholders and external partners</li></ul> Qualifications: <ul><li>B.S. in Marketing, Communications, Business, Social Sciences, Information Technology or related experience</li><li>Product launch or go to market experience in payments or broader financial services industry</li><li>Product Owner or Product Management related experience in Card payments or Network Reporting</li><li>pay around 50-60/hr</li></ul>

Question	Topic	Difficulty	Ask Chance
Boarding Times Bias	Statistics	Medium	Very High
Hundreds of Hypotheses	Statistics	Medium	Very High
Decreasing Comments	Product Metrics	Easy	Very High

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