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<p>A biomedical research lab is studying treatment effectiveness across different brain cancer categories. Each patient is associated with one cancer type and may undergo zero or more treatments. Write a query to perform an aggregated analysis across all cancer categories.</p>

<p>For each cancer type, compute:</p>

<ol>
<li>Total number of patients</li>
<li>Percentage of patients who survived ≥ 12 months

<ul>
<li>Round to 2 decimal places</li>
<li>A “1-year survivor” is defined as <code>survival_months &gt;= 12</code></li>
</ul></li>
<li>Average number of treatments per patient

<ul>
<li>Round to 2 decimal places</li>
<li>Include patients with zero treatments</li>
</ul></li>
</ol>

<p>Sort the results in descending order by survival rate.</p>

<h3><strong>Example 1</strong></h3>

<p><strong>Input :</strong></p>

<p><strong>Table <code>patients</code></strong></p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th><strong>Column</strong></th>
<th><strong>Type</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>patient_id</td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>cancer_type</td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>survival_months</td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Table <code>treatments</code></strong></p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th><strong>Column</strong></th>
<th><strong>Type</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>treatment_id</td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>patient_id</td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>treatment_name</td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>treatment_date</td>
<td>DATE</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Output :</strong></p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th><strong>Column</strong></th>
<th><strong>Type</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>cancer_type</td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>total_patients</td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>pct_one_year_survivors</td>
<td>DECIMAL</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>avg_treatments_per_patient</td>
<td>DECIMAL</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<h3><strong>Example 2</strong></h3>

<p><strong>Input:</strong></p>

<p><strong><code>patients</code> table</strong></p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>patient_id</th>
<th>cancer_type</th>
<th>survival_months</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Glioblastoma</td>
<td>10</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Meningioma</td>
<td>24</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Astrocytoma</td>
<td>15</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Glioblastoma</td>
<td>14</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td>Meningioma</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong><code>treatments</code> table</strong></p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>treatment_id</th>
<th>patient_id</th>
<th>treatment_name</th>
<th>treatment_date</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>201</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Radiation</td>
<td>2024-03-01</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>202</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Chemotherapy</td>
<td>2024-06-01</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>203</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>Surgery</td>
<td>2024-02-01</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>204</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>Chemotherapy</td>
<td>2024-08-01</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<h3><strong>Output:</strong></h3>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>cancer_type</th>
<th>total_patients</th>
<th>pct_one_year_survivors</th>
<th>avg_treatments_per_patient</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Astrocytoma</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>100.00</td>
<td>0.00</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Meningioma</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>50.00</td>
<td>0.50</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Glioblastoma</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>50.00</td>
<td>1.00</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

<h3><strong>Explanation:</strong></h3>

<p><strong>Astrocytoma</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>Total patients: 1</li>
<li>Survivors: <sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>1</sub> → 100.00%</li>
<li>Treatments: 0 total → 0.00 per patient</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Meningioma</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>Total patients: 2</li>
<li>Survivors: patient 2 (24 months) → 50.00%</li>
<li>Treatments: 1 total (patient 2) → 0.50 per patient</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Glioblastoma</strong></p>

<ul>
<li>Total patients: 2</li>
<li>Survivors: patient 4 (14 months) → 50.00%</li>
<li>Treatments: 3 total (2 for patient 1, 1 for patient 4) → 1.00 per patient</li>
</ul>


Write a query to perform an aggregated analysis across all cancer categories.

Brain Cancer Treatment Outcomes

<p>Suppose there exists a new airline named Jetco that flies domestically across North America. Jetco recently had a study commissioned that tested the boarding time of every airline, and it came out that Jetco had the fastest average boarding times of any airline.</p>

<p>What factors could have biased this result, and what would you look into?</p>


<p>What could potentially bias the average boarding time in favor of an airline that only flies domestically?</p>

What could potentially bias the average boarding time in favor of an airline that only flies domestically?

Boarding Times Bias

A new airline came out as the fastest average boarding times compared to other airlines.  What factors could have biased this result and what would you look into?

<p>You are testing hundreds of hypotheses with many <em>t</em>-tests. What considerations should be made?</p>


<p>What is a key disadvantage of the F-test when compared to multiple t-tests?</p>

What is a key disadvantage of the F-test when compared to multiple t-tests?

Hundreds of Hypotheses

You are testing hundreds of hypotheses with many t-tests. What considerations should be made?

Question	Topic	Difficulty	Ask Chance
Brain Cancer Treatment Outcomes	SQL	Medium	Very High
Boarding Times Bias	Statistics	Medium	High
Hundreds of Hypotheses	Statistics	Medium	High