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Keysight Technologies Interview Questions

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Machine Learning

Lasso vs Ridge

Bagging vs Boosting

Random Forest Explanation

Regularization and Validation

choosing k value during k-means clustering

Choosing k

Data Structures & Algorithms

Get Top N Frequent Words

Given an integer N, write a function that returns all of the prime numbers up to N

Prime to N

Given an array and a target integer, write a function that returns the indices of two integers in the array that add up to the target integer.

Target Indices

Append Frequency

Write a function that tests whether a string of brackets is balanced.

The Brackets Problem

Brainteasers

How would you answer when an Interviewer asks why you applied to their company?

Why Do You Want to Work With Us

What do you tell an interviewer when they ask you what your strengths and weaknesses are?

Your Strengths and Weaknesses

Statistics

MLE vs MAP

What is the difference between Logistic and Linear Regression?

Linear vs Logistic Regression

A/B Testing

A/B Test Power Size

When an interviewer asks a question along the lines of:

<ul>
<li>What would your current manager say about you? What constructive criticisms might he give?</li>
<li>What are your three biggest strengths and weaknesses you have identified in yourself?</li>
</ul>

How would you respond?

When asked about your strengths in an interview, what is an effective way to respond?

When asked about your strengths in an interview, what is an effective way to respond?

Your Strengths and Weaknesses I

Which of the following is an acceptable strategy when discussing weaknesses in an interview?

Which of the following is an acceptable strategy when discussing weaknesses in an interview?

Your Strengths and Weaknesses II

When an interviewer asks you a question along the lines of:

<ul>
<li>Why did you apply to our company?</li>
<li>What are you looking for in your next job?</li>
<li>What makes you a good fit for our company?</li>
</ul>

How should you respond?

When asked 'What are you looking for in your next job?' in an interview, how can you tie the company's employee benefits into your response?

When asked 'What are you looking for in your next job?' in an interview, how can you tie the company's employee benefits into your response?

Why Do You Want to Work With Us I

How can company values be used effectively in an interview when asked 'What makes you a good fit for our company?'

How can company values be used effectively in an interview when asked 'What makes you a good fit for our company?'

Why Do You Want to Work With Us II

When responding to the question 'Why did you apply to our company?' during an interview, what aspect should you highlight?

When responding to the question 'Why did you apply to our company?' during an interview, what aspect should you highlight?

Why Do You Want to Work With Us III

Describe a data project you worked on. What were some of the challenges you faced?

Describing a data project and its challenges

Hurdles In Data Projects

Analytics

Let’s say that you’re training a classification model.

How would you combat overfitting when building tree-based models?

Let's say that you're training a classification model.   How would you combat overfitting when building tree-based models?

Overfit Avoidance

How would you handle the data preparation for building a machine learning model using imbalanced data?

Addressing imbalanced data in machine learning through carefully prepared techniques.

Data Preparation for Imbalanced Data

Let’s say we’re comparing two machine learning algorithms. In which case would you use a bagging algorithm versus a boosting algorithm? 

Give an example of the tradeoffs between the two.

In machine learning, when would you use a bagging algorithm over a boosting algorithm?

In machine learning, when would you use a bagging algorithm over a boosting algorithm?

Bagging vs. Boosting

Given a string, write a function to determine if it is palindrome or not.

Note: A palindrome is a word/string that is read the same way forward as it is backward, e.g. <code>&#39;reviver&#39;</code>, <code>&#39;madam&#39;</code>, <code>&#39;deified&#39;</code> and <code>&#39;civic&#39;</code> are all palindromes, while <code>&#39;tree&#39;</code>, <code>&#39;music&#39;</code> and <code>&#39;person&#39;</code> are not palindromes.

Example:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>word1 = &#34;tree&#34;
word2 = &#34;radar&#34;
</code></pre>

Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>def is_palindrome(word1) -&gt; False
def is_palindrome(word2) -&gt; True
</code></pre>

Given a string, write a function to determine if it is palindrome or not.

String Palindromes

Write a SQL query to select the 2nd highest salary in the engineering department.

Note: If more than one person shares the highest salary, the query should select the next highest salary.

Example:

Input:

<code>employees</code> table

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>first_name</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>last_name</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>salary</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>department_id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<code>departments</code> table

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>name</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Output:

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>salary</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Select the 2nd highest salary in the engineering department

2nd Highest Salary

Explain the difference between the XGBoost and random forest algorithms and give an example where you would use one over the other.

Why might a data scientist choose to use XGBoost instead of Random Forest for a particular machine learning task?

Why might a data scientist choose to use XGBoost instead of Random Forest for a particular machine learning task?

XGBoost vs Random Forest: Choice

Xgboost vs Random Forest

How does random forest generate the forest? Additionally, why would we use it over other algorithms such as logistic regression?

What happens when you average the output on multiple decision trees?

What happens when you average the output on multiple decision trees?

Average Trees

What is the difference between Logistic and Linear Regression?

When would use one instead of the other in practice?

Tell me about a project in which you had to clean and organize a large dataset.

Describing a real-world data cleaning and organization project

Data Cleaning Experiences

Data Pipelines

Given an array and a target integer, write a function <code>sum_pair_indices</code> that returns the indices of two integers in the array that add up to the target integer. If not found, just return an empty list.

Note: Can you do it on $O(n)$ time?

Note: Even though there could be many solutions, only one needs to be returned.

Example 1:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>array = [1 2 3 4] 
target = 5 
</code></pre>

Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>def sum_pair_indices(array, target) -&gt; [0 3] or [1 2]
</code></pre>

Example 2:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>array = [3]
target = 6 
</code></pre>

Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>Do NOT return [0 0] as you can&#39;t use an index twice.
</code></pre>

Given an integer <code>N</code>, write a function that returns a list of all of the prime numbers up to <code>N</code>.

Note: Return an empty list there are no prime numbers less than or equal to <code>N</code>.

Example:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>N = 3
</code></pre>

Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>def prime_numbers(N) -&gt; [2,3]
</code></pre>

Regularization and cross-validation are two common techniques used to improve the performance of machine learning algorithms.

When should you use one versus the other?

Given the choices below, which one is an example of a scenario where we should be using regularization?

Given the choices below, which one is an example of a scenario where we should be using regularization?

Regularization Example

What’s the difference between Lasso and Ridge Regression?

Under what circumstances is it recommended to use Lasso regression over Ridge regression?

Under what circumstances is it recommended to use Lasso regression over Ridge regression?

<h1>Binary Tree Validation</h1>

You are given the root of a binary tree. You need to determine if it is a valid binary search tree (BST).

A valid BST is defined as follows:

<ul>
<li>The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with values less than or equal to the node’s value.</li>
<li>The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with values greater than or equal to the node’s value.</li>
<li>Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.</li>
</ul>

Given the function <code>def is_valid_bst(root: Node) -&gt; bool:</code>, return True if the binary tree is a valid BST. Otherwise, return False.

<h3>Example:</h3>

Input:

<img src="https://d2qpirhrfplx04.cloudfront.net/9664817c-3e12-4a40-9236-8382b13f55a0.png" alt="image"/>Converted Binary Tree.png

Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>def is_valid_bst(Node(3)) -&gt; True
</code></pre>

Given the root node, verify if a binary search tree is valid or not.

Binary Tree Validation

You’re given a string that may contain the characters <code>{</code>, <code>}</code>, <code>[</code>, <code>]</code>, <code>(</code>, and <code>)</code>.

Task: Verify that the string is balanced. A balanced string is one where every opening character, <code>{</code>, <code>[</code>, or <code>(</code>, has a corresponding closing character, <code>}</code>, <code>]</code>, or <code>)</code>.

Write a function called <code>is_balanced(string: str) -&gt; bool</code> which verifies the balance of a string.

Example:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>is_balanced(&#39;(())[]{}&#39;) -&gt; True
</code></pre>

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>is_balanced(&#39;{([(){}])()}&#39;) -&gt; True
</code></pre>

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>is_balanced(&#39;{}[]())&#39;) -&gt; False
</code></pre>

<hr/>

Let’s say you’re analyzing an AB test that has both a test group and a control group.

<ol>
<li>How do you calculate the sample size necessary for an accurate measurement?</li>

<li>Let’s say that the sample size is similar and sufficient between the two groups. In order to measure very small differences between the two, should the power get bigger or smaller?</li>
</ol>

What does the backpropagation algorithm do in the context of neural networks? What is the informal intuition behind the algorithm? What are some drawbacks of the algorithm compared to other optimization methods?

Bonus: Formally derive the backpropagation algorithm and prove that it does what it claims to do.

Backpropagation Explanation

How would you choose the k value when using k-means clustering?

You are given a dictionary with two keys <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> that hold integers as their values.

Without declaring any other variable, swap the value of <code>a</code> with the value of <code>b</code> and vice versa.

Note: Return the dictionary after editing it.

Example:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>numbers = {
 &#39;a&#39;:3,
 &#39;b&#39;:4
}
</code></pre>

Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>def swap_values(numbers) -&gt; {&#39;a&#39;:4,&#39;b&#39;:3}
</code></pre>

Swap Variables

Write a function <code>fib</code> which takes an integer <code>n</code> and returns the nth fibonacci number. For this question, <code>fib</code> MUST be recursively defined.

Note: <code>for</code> and <code>while</code> keywords are disabled for this question, as well as <code>functools</code>. Any workarounds around this restriction is prohibited.

Example:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>n = 4
</code></pre>

Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>def fib(n) -&gt; 3
# the sequence is [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8...]
</code></pre>

Implement a dynamic recursive fibonacci function.

Impossibly Iterative Fibonacci

Implement the k-means clustering algorithm in python from scratch, given the following:

<ul>
<li>A two-dimensional NumPy array <code>data_points</code> that is an arbitrary number of data points (rows) <code>n</code> and an arbitrary number of columns <code>m</code>.</li>
<li>Number of k clusters <code>k</code>.</li>
<li>The initial centroids value of the data points at each cluster <code>initial_centroids</code>.</li>
</ul>

Return a list of the cluster of each point in the original list data_points with the same order (as a integer).

Example

<img src="https://i.ibb.co/KKp2gPn/kemans-before.png" alt="before clustering"/>

After clustering the points with two clusters, the points will be clustered as follows.

<img src="https://i.ibb.co/bdwVWxR/kemans-example-after.png" alt="after clustering"/>

Note: There could be an infinite number of separating lines in this example.

Example

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>
#Input
data_points = [(0,0),(3,4),(4,4),(1,0),(0,1),(4,3)]
k = 2
initial_centroids = [(1,1),(4,5)]


#Output 

k_means_clustering(data_points,k,initial_centroids) -&gt; [0,1,1,0,0,1]

</code></pre>

<img src="https://i.ibb.co/pRsRz12/example.png" alt=""/>

Implement the k-means clustering algorithm in python from scratch

k-Means from Scratch

Given a 2-D matrix P of predicted values and actual values, write a function precision_recall to calculate precision and recall metrics.

Return the ordered pair (precision, recall).

Example:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>
P = [[121, 9],
 [17, 144]]
</code></pre>

where P represents the following table

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>Predicted =TRUE</th>
<th>Predicted =FALSE</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Actual =TRUE</td>
<td>121</td>
<td>9</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>Actual =FALSE</td>
<td>17</td>
<td>144</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>def precision_recall(P) -&gt; (0.931, 0.877,)
</code></pre>

Write a function to calculate precision and recall metrics.

Precision and Recall

<ol>
<li>Given an example paragraph string and an integer <code>N</code>, write a function <code>n_frequent_words</code> that returns the top <code>N</code> frequent words in the posting and the frequencies for each word.</li>

<li>What’s the function run-time?</li>
</ol>

Example:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>posting = &#34;&#34;&#34;
Herbal sauna uses the healing properties of herbs in combination with distilled water. 
The water evaporates and distributes the effect of the herbs throughout the room. 
A visit to the herbal sauna can cause real miracles, especially for colds. 
&#34;&#34;&#34; 
n = 3
</code></pre>

Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>n_frequent_words(posting,N) = [
 (&#39;the&#39;, 6), 
 (&#39;herbal&#39;, 2), 
 (&#39;sauna&#39;, 2),
]
</code></pre>

One of the basic steps in parsing string inputs is to check whether the opening and closing characters or tags match, i.e., to check if each opened parenthesis is closed eventually.

Given a list of strings, write a <code>string</code> <code>parser</code> that verifies the integrity of the parenthesis used in the string. The parser should return a list of booleans stating whether that string’s integrity was verified.

Example:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>list_of_strings = [
 &#39;f(x) + g(x)&#39;, 
 &#39;sin(exp(x)}&#39;, 
 &#39;((())just some string)&#39;, 
 &#39;(4,{(3,4):x**2)&#39;]
</code></pre>

Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>def string_parser(list_of_strings) -&gt; [True, False, True, True]
</code></pre>

Given a list of strings, verify whether the parentheses in each string are properly opened and closed.

Check Matching Parentheses

Singly-linked lists are a type of linked list where nodes have only one pointer: A pointer to the next element. Create a class <code>SinglyLinkedList</code> along with its methods:

<ul>
<li><code>add_head(element)</code> - adds an element to the head of the list. This becomes the new head of the linked list.</li>
<li><code>add_tail(element)</code> - adds an element to the tail of the list. This becomes the new tail of the linked list.</li>
<li><code>remove_head() -&gt; element</code> - removes the head and returns the value of the removed element.</li>
<li><code>remove_tail() -&gt; element</code> - removes the tail and returns the value of the removed element.</li>
<li><code>__contains__(item) -&gt; bool</code> - checks if the item is inside the list. Returns <code>True</code> if it is inside the list and returns <code>False</code> if not. This method is implemented to allow the use of Python’s <code>in</code> operator.</li>
<li><code>__getitem__(index)</code> - returns the element at the specified index. Raises an <code>IndexError</code> if the index is out of bounds. This method is implemented to allow the use of Python’s <code>[]</code> operator.</li>
<li><code>__len__()</code> - returns the length of the <code>SinglyLinkedList</code>.</li>
</ul>

Write a class 'SinglyLinkedList' that implements the interface required for a Singly Linked List.

Singly Linked List

Deep learning models are popular but have some drawbacks in that they’re expensive to train and maintain.

In some contexts, using other simpler models may make more sense. One possible alternative for classification problems are support vector machines (SVM).

<ul>
<li>When are SVMs preferable to deep learning models?</li>

<li>What are the pros and cons of using an SVM compared to deep or non-deep learning classification models (such as logistic regression)?</li>
</ul>

When you should consider using Support Vector Machine rather then Deep learning models

Support Vector Machines vs Deep Learning Models

Given the head of a singly linked list represented as a <code>ListNode</code>, and two zero-indexed positions <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>, write a function <code>swap_node</code> which swaps the positions of nodes <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> and returns the new head. Note that you cannot simply swap the values of these nodes, as these nodes do not have values. Instead, you must swap these two using pointer manipulation (i.e., modifying the <code>next</code> references of the involved nodes inside the list).

A <code>ListNode</code> is defined as:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>class ListNode:
 next: ListNode = None
</code></pre>

Example:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>linked_list = ListNode(0x01) -&gt; ListNode(0x02) -&gt; ListNode(0x03) 
# Here, imagine that &#39;0x0_&#39; refer to their memory locations.
head = 0x01
x = 1
y = 2
</code></pre>

Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>def swap_node(head, x, y) -&gt; ListNode(0x01) -&gt; ListNode(0x03) -&gt; ListNode(0x02)
</code></pre>

Swapping Nodes

Challenge

<div><h2>Semiconductor Process Engineering Manager</h2>Keysight is on the forefront of technology innovation, delivering breakthroughs and trusted insights in electronic design, simulation, prototyping, test, manufacturing, and optimization. Our ~15,000 employees create world-class solutions in communications, 5G, automotive, energy, quantum, aerospace, defense, and semiconductor markets for customers in over 100 countries.Keysight Technologies, the world's premier measurement company, has an opening for a Semiconductor Process Engineering Manager at the High Frequency Technology Center in Santa Rosa, California. Live in beautiful Sonoma County amongst vineyards, redwood forests, rivers, lakes and coastline while working on state-of-the-art ICs and devicesThe Semiconductor Process Engineering Manager will lead a team of engineers and technicians responsible for maintaining, developing, and optimizing semiconductor wafer processes for manufacturing and new technology development. This role requires a strong technical background in general semiconductor processing with a focus on dry etch, wet etch, and PECVD. Excellent leadership skills, and the ability to drive continuous process improvement is a must.Key Responsibilities:<ul><li>Leadership and Team Management: <ul><li>Manage, lead, mentor, and develop a team of process engineers and technicians</li><li>Foster a collaborative and high-performance work environment</li><li>Set clear goals & expectations and provide regular feedback and performance evaluations</li></ul></li><li>Process Development and Optimization: <ul><li>Oversee the development, optimization, and implementation of semiconductor processes including Dry Etch, Wet Etch, PECVD, ALD, Plating, Wet processes</li><li>Ensure processes meet quality, yield, and productivity targets</li><li>Collaborate with cross-functional teams to resolve process-related issues and drive improvements</li></ul></li><li>Project Management: <ul><li>Manage multiple projects simultaneously, maintaining assurance of supply and alignment with Keysight's top priorities</li><li>Develop project plans, allocate resources, and monitor progress</li><li>Effectively communicate project status and results to key stakeholders</li></ul></li><li>Technical Expertise: <ul><li>Stay current with advancements in semiconductor processing technology, equipment, techniques, and industry trends</li><li>Provide technical guidance and support to the engineering team</li></ul></li></ul>Qualifications:<ul><li>Master's degree or Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Materials Science, Physics, or a related field</li><li>Minimum of 5 years of experience in semiconductor process engineering or equivalent proven technical skills</li><li>Expertise in Dry Etch, Wet Etch, and/or PECVD is required</li><li>Proven leadership experience, with a track record of managing and developing engineering teams</li><li>Strong technical knowledge of semiconductor processes is a must, while experience specifically with III-V compound-semiconductor systems is a plus</li><li>Excellent problem-solving, project management, and communication skills</li></ul>Candidates must be local or willing to relocate to Santa Rosa, CAThis position requires access to certain goods, software, technology, or technical data subject to U.S. export control laws and regulations. Under these laws and regulations, U.S. persons (which includes U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, lawful permanent residents, refugees, and asylees) working for Keysight can access export-controlled items without authorization from the U.S. government. For any individual who is not a U.S. person, Keysight may need authorization from the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of Commerce, or other appropriate federal agency before the individual can access export-controlled items. Employment in this position for non-U.S. persons is contingent on Keysight's ability to obtain any required government authorizations.Keysight is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, protected veteran status, disability or any other protected categories under all applicable laws.The level of role will be based on applicable experience, education and skills; Most offers will be between the minimum and the midpoint of the Salary Range listed below.Santa Rosa, CA MIN $163,950-MID $218,600-MAX $273,250Note: For other locations, pay ranges will vary by regionThis role is eligible for Keysight Results Bonus ProgramUS Employees may be eligible for the following benefits:<ul><li>Medical, dental and vision</li><li>Health Savings Account</li><li>Health Care and Dependent Care Flexible Spending Accounts</li><li>Life, Accident, Disability insurance</li><li>Business Travel Accident and Business Travel Health</li><li>401(k) Plan</li><li>Flexible Time Off, Paid Holidays</li><li>Paid Family Leave</li><li>Discounts, Perks</li><li>Tuition Reimbursement</li><li>Adoption Assistance</li><li>ESPP (Employee Stock Purchase Plan)</li></ul></div>

Join to apply for the District Solutions Engineering Manager role at Keysight Technologies
 <h5>Overview</h5>
 Keysight is on the forefront of technology innovation, delivering breakthroughs and trusted insights in electronic design, simulation, prototyping, test, manufacturing, and optimization. Our ~15,000 employees create world‑class solutions in communications, 5G, automotive, energy, quantum, aerospace, defense, and semiconductor markets for customers in over 100 countries. Our award‑winning culture embraces a bold vision of where technology can take us and a passion for tackling challenging problems with industry‑first solutions. We believe that when people feel a sense of belonging, they can be more creative, innovative, and thrive at all points in their careers.
 <h5>Responsibilities</h5>
 <h5>Global Solution Enablement (GSE) Strategic Objectives for the Americas</h5>
 <ul>
 <li>Lead the Global Solution Enablement team in the Americas to help customers accelerate innovation through tailored solutions, while driving profitable growth.</li>
 <li>Drive customer unique solution engagements and capture across industries and markets in both North and South America.</li>
 <li>Customize solutions to regional and key account requirements.</li>
 <li>Strengthen cross‑functional partnerships with Industry Solution Teams to accelerate their solutions into the addressable market.</li>
 <li>Grow customer success processes through improved end‑to‑end engagement – qualification, proposal, order, delivery, support.</li>
 </ul>
 <h5>Americas Solution Enablement Manager Responsibilities</h5>
 <ul>
 <li>Leadership & People: Build, develop, and inspire a high‑performing team of solution architects, engineers, and project managers; identify and mentor next‑generation leaders. Lead region‑specific programs to ensure GSE grows profitably and continues to grow as a learning organization.</li>
 <li>Business Growth: Partner with Americas Sales leadership to achieve ambitious solutions and services growth; optimize resource allocation; approve pricing and discounts and improve margins.</li>
 <li>Solution Enablement: Ensure seamless execution from “first‑mile” solution design to “last‑mile” delivery, with focus on comms, AD, AI infrastructure, automotive as well as emerging markets. Develop a core set of resource partners that can be dynamically allocated to win and deliver projects. Grow Solution Engagement capability across the sales region.</li>
 </ul>
 <h5>Qualifications</h5>
 <ul>
 <li>8+ years in solution engineering, delivery, sales or business leadership roles.</li>
 <li>5+ years in management or team leadership roles.</li>
 <li>Demonstrated success leading cross‑functional technical teams to excellent outcomes.</li>
 <li>Proven record in developing solutions across multiple industries.</li>
 <li>Strong business acumen with ability to balance growth and profitability.</li>
 <li>Desired: Previous management experience.</li>
 <li>Experience with Test and Measurement Equipment.</li>
 <li>Degree in Engineering, Computer Science, or related field; MBA a plus.</li>
 </ul>
 <h5>Benefits</h5>
 <ul>
 <li>Medical, dental and vision.</li>
 <li>Health Savings Account.</li>
 <li>Health Care and Dependent Care Flexible Spending Accounts.</li>
 <li>Life, Accident, Disability insurance.</li>
 <li>Business Travel Accident and Business Travel Health.</li>
 <li>401(k) Plan.</li>
 <li>Flexible Time Off, Paid Holidays.</li>
 <li>Paid Family Leave.</li>
 <li>Discounts, Perks.</li>
 <li>Tuition Reimbursement.</li>
 <li>Adoption Assistance.
 </li> <li>ESPP (Employee Stock Purchase Plan).</li>
 </ul>
 California pay range: MIN $214,620.00, MIDPOINT $286,160.00 - MAX $357,700.00
 Colorado pay range: MIN $199,290.00, MIDPOINT $265,720.00 - MAX $332,150.00
 Keysight is an Equal Opportunity Employer.
 Seniority Level: Not Applicable
 Employment Type: Full‑time
 Job Function: Appliances, Electrical, and Electronics Manufacturing 
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divh2Software Developer Intern/h2pKeysight is at the forefront of technology innovation, delivering breakthroughs and trusted insights in electronic design, simulation, prototyping, test, manufacturing, and optimization. Our ~15,000 employees create world-class solutions in communications, 5G, automotive, energy, quantum, aerospace, defense, and semiconductor markets for customers in over 100 countries. Learn more about what we do./ppOur award-winning culture embraces a bold vision of where technology can take us and a passion for tackling challenging problems with industry-first solutions. We believe that when people feel a sense of belonging, they can be more creative, innovative, and thrive at all points in their careers./ph3Responsibilities/h3pAs a Software Developer Intern, you will:/pulliWork to open source a library providing tooling for quantum computer scientists./liliEstablish software build processes that work across a wide range of development environments./liliWork with a code base written in Python and C++./liliLearn best practices for software engineering in a large-scale, collaborative environment./li/ulh3Qualifications/h3pMust Have:/pulliCurrently enrolled in a Bachelors or Masters degree program in Computer Science, Software Engineering, Physics, Quantum Computing, or related field./liliExperience with version control via BitBucket, GitHub, or similar./liliFamiliarity with creating open source software projects./liliStrong people skills and knack for problem solving./liliFamiliarity with one or more of the following: Python, C++, C#./liliAbility to work both independently and collaboratively in a team environment./liliGood written and verbal communication skills./li/ulpNice to Have:/pulliExperience with version control or CI/CD pipelines./liliExperience with scientific computing libraries such as numpy eigen, or scypi/li/ulpVisa Sponsorship is not available for this position. Candidates who now or at any point in the future require sponsorship for employment visa status (e.g., H-1B Visa status) may not be considered./ppMassachusetts Pay Range: $29.13 Hourly-$31.37 Hourly. Based on experience, education and skills, most offers will be between the minimum and the midpoint of the Salary Range listed above. Note: For other locations, pay ranges will vary by region./pp***Keysight is an Equal Opportunity Employer.*** Keysight Technologies Inc. is an equal opportunity employer. Qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, protected veteran status, disability or any other protected categories under all applicable laws./ppa href=https://about.keysight.com/en/jobs/careers_privacy_statement.pdfCareers Privacy Statement/a***Keysight is an Equal Opportunity Employer.***/p/div

<h5>Product Owner / Product Manager </h5>Keysight is on the forefront of technology innovation, delivering breakthroughs and trusted insights in electronic design, simulation, prototyping, test, manufacturing, and optimization. Our ~15,000 employees create world-class solutions in communications, 5G, automotive, energy, quantum, aerospace, defense, and semiconductor markets for customers in over 100 countries. Learn more about what we do. Our award-winning culture embraces a bold vision of where technology can take us and a passion for tackling challenging problems with industry-first solutions. We believe that when people feel a sense of belonging, they can be more creative, innovative, and thrive at all points in their careers. We are seeking a highly skilled Product Owner / Product Manager to lead the strategy, development, and delivery of our EDA ADS (Advanced Design System) platform. This role requires a unique blend of leadership and deep RF/microwave design expertiseincluding hands-on experience in RFIC/RF module design, parameterized layout generation, EM-aware design flows, and high-frequency component development, including power amplifiers, mixers, filters, and other active and passive components. The ideal candidate will combine strategic product thinking with strong execution leadership, ensuring cross-team alignment, effective prioritization, and a clear customer-centric vision for ADS. They will bridge technical design, software development, and product management to ensure the ADS platform meets customer needs, drives innovation in RFIC design workflows, and maintains close collaboration with end-users. <h5>Key Responsibilities </h5><ul> <li>Define and maintain the strategic vision, product roadmap, and backlog for the ADS platform, aligning priorities with business goals, customer needs, and user feedback. </li><li>Lead program planning, execution, and delivery of ADS features and enhancements, coordinating across engineering, design, QA, and customer-facing teams. </li><li>Engage directly with customers to understand requirements, gather feedback, ensure the product meets their RFIC design and workflow needs, and identify opportunities for optimization or automation. </li><li>Provide deep domain expertise in RFIC/RF microwave design, including linear and nonlinear circuits, EM modeling, co-simulation, gain control, efficiency optimization, and high-frequency component design. </li><li>Lead initiatives around layout parameterization including pCells, python based cells, and python layout templates optimized for EM simulation, automated layout generation and design-rule compliance. </li><li>Guide design, simulation, layout and verification processes for active and passive RF components, ensuring robust performance across frequency ranges. </li><li>Collaborate with RF engineers, software teams, system architects, and customers to integrate RFICs and designs into larger system workflows. </li><li>Support design automation initiatives, incorporating AI/ML techniques to improve simulation, optimization, and verification of RFIC performance. </li><li>Drive Python-based automation for simulation sequencing, EM parameter extraction, optimization loops, and data analytics. </li><li>Oversee software delivery, driving execution with Agile principles, backlog prioritization, and high-quality, tested releases. </li><li>Ensure designs meet manufacturability and reliability standards, coordinating layout, DFM, thermal, electrical, and mechanical analysis as needed. </li><li>Track progress, manage dependencies, and communicate status, risks, and milestones to stakeholders, leadership, and customers. </li><li>Mentor team members and foster knowledge sharing around RF design practices, data-driven methodologies, and EDA tool usage. </li><li>Stay current with emerging RFIC design methodologies, EDA technologies, and industry trends to inform product enhancements. </li></ul> <h5>Qualifications </h5>Qualifications: <ul> <li>Bachelors or Masters degree in Electrical Engineering, RF/Microwave Engineering, or related field. </li><li>Proven experience in product management or program management for EDA tools, with a focus on RFMW/MMIC/3DIC/AMS/Analog Design/Layout automation and parameterization workflows. </li><li>Strong technical knowledge of RFIC design principles, simulation, layout, and verification of amplifiers, mixers, oscillators, filters, and matching networks. </li><li>Hands-on experience with ADS, Keysight tools, or similar EDA platforms. </li><li>Hands-on experience with Agile/Scrum/Large Scale Agile frameworks (SAFe) backlog refinement, and software development lifecycles. </li><li>Strong communication, collaboration, and stakeholder management skills, including customer engagement and feedback incorporation. </li><li>Experience with CI/CD, software automation, and build pipelines is a plus. </li><li>Knowledge of AI/ML applications in EDA or RF design is desirable. </li></ul> Preferred Skills: <ul> <li>Experience with cross-functional collaboration between RF design, software engineering, and system integration teams. </li><li>Proficiency in Python, MATLAB, or similar scripting languages for simulation and automation. </li><li>Background in performance optimization, low-power design, and high-linearity circuit development. </li><li>Exposure to cloud-based simulation platforms or advanced EDA toolchains. </li></ul> Any use of AI assistance used by applicants during interviews will result in immediate disqualification for this position. LI-MO1 Careers Privacy Statement ***Keysight is an Equal Opportunity Employer.*** Keysight Technologies Inc. is an equal opportunity employer. Qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, protected veteran status, disability or any other protected categories under all applicable laws. The level of role will be based on applicable experience, education and skills; most offers will be between the minimum and the midpoint of the Salary Range listed below. California Pay range: MIN $138,960.00 - MAX $231,600.00 Note: For other locations, pay ranges will vary by region. This role is eligible for Keysight Results Bonus Program US Employees may be eligible for the following benefits: <ul> <li>Medical, dental and vision </li><li>Health Savings Account </li><li>Health Care and Dependent Care Flexible Spending Accounts </li><li>Life, Accident, Disability insurance </li><li>Business Travel Accident and Business Travel Health </li><li>401(k) Plan </li><li>Flexible Time Off, Paid Holidays </li><li>Paid Family Leave </li><li>Discounts, Perks </li><li>Tuition Reimbursement </li><li>Adoption Assistance </li><li>ESPP (Employee Stock Purchase Plan) </li> </ul>

<div><h2>Global Solution Enablement</h2>Keysight is on the forefront of technology innovation, delivering breakthroughs and trusted insights in electronic design, simulation, prototyping, test, manufacturing, and optimization. Our ~15,000 employees create world-class solutions in communications, 5G, automotive, energy, quantum, aerospace, defense, and semiconductor markets for customers in over 100 countries. Learn more about what we do.Our award-winning culture embraces a bold vision of where technology can take us and a passion for tackling challenging problems with industry-first solutions. We believe that when people feel a sense of belonging, they can be more creative, innovative, and thrive at all points in their careers.Global Solution Enablement is a customer-facing organization enabling differentiated solutions designed to meet each customers unique needs. The innovative solutions we develop span the breadth of Keysights addressable technologies including many emerging technologies such as Open RAN, 6G, Non-Terrestrial Networks, AI infrastructure, automotive, semiconductor, silicon photonics and quantum computing, sensing, encrypting. We are a transformative and learning organization enabling our Solution Engineers to engage in solution selling while allowing our industry teams to scale their solutions across their ecosystems. We are trusted advisers, solving unique, challenging problems leading to success for our customers and Keysight.<h3>Responsibilities</h3>Global Solution Enablement (GSE) Strategic Objectives for the Americas:<ul><li>Lead the Global Solution Enablement team in the Americas to help customers accelerate innovation through tailored solutions, while driving profitable growth.</li><li>Drive customer unique solution engagements and capture across industries and markets in both North and South America.</li><li>Customize solutions to regional and key account requirements.</li><li>Strengthen cross-functional partnerships with Industry Solution Teams to accelerate their solutions into the addressable market.</li><li>Grow customer success processes through improved end-to-end engagement qualification, proposal, order, delivery, support.</li></ul>Americas Solution Enablement Manager Responsibilities:<ul><li>Leadership & People: Build, develop, and inspire a high-performing team of solution architects, engineers, and project managers; identify and mentor next-generation leaders. Lead region specific programs to ensure GSE grows profitably and continues to grow as a learning organization</li><li>Business Growth: Partner with Americas Sales leadership to achieve ambitious solutions and services growth; optimize resource allocation; approve pricing and discounts and improve margins.</li><li>Solution Enablement: Ensure seamless execution from first-mile solution design to last-mile delivery, with focus on comms, AD, AI infrastructure, automotive as well as emerging markets. Develop a core set of resource partners that can be dynamically allocated to win and deliver projects. Grow Solution Engagement capability across the sales region.</li></ul><h3>Qualifications</h3>Qualifications:<ul><li>8+ years in solution engineering, delivery, sales or business leadership roles.</li><li>5+ years in management or team leadership roles</li><li>Demonstrated success leading cross-functional technical teams to excellent outcomes.</li><li>Proven record in developing solutions across multiple industries.</li><li>Strong business acumen with ability to balance growth and profitability.</li><li>Desired: Previous management experience</li><li>Experience with Test and Measurement Equipment</li><li>Degree in Engineering, Computer Science, or related field; MBA a plus.</li></ul>The level of role will be based on applicable experience, education and skills; Most offers will be between the minimum and the midpoint of the Salary Range listed below.California pay range: MIN $214,620.00, MIDPOINT $286,160.00 - MAX $357,700.00Colorado pay range: MIN $199,290.00 MIDPOINT $265,720.00 - MAX $332,150.00Note: For other locations, pay ranges will vary by regionUS Employees may be eligible for the following benefits:<ul><li>Medical, dental and vision</li><li>Health Savings Account</li><li>Health Care and Dependent Care Flexible Spending Accounts</li><li>Life, Accident, Disability insurance</li><li>Business Travel Accident and Business Travel Health</li><li>401(k) Plan</li><li>Flexible Time Off, Paid Holidays</li><li>Paid Family Leave</li><li>Discounts, Perks</li><li>Tuition Reimbursement</li><li>Adoption Assistance</li><li>ESPP (Employee Stock Purchase Plan)</li></ul>Careers Privacy Statement***Keysight is an Equal Opportunity Employer.</div>

<h5>Job Opportunity at Keysight </h5>Keysight is at the forefront of technology innovation, delivering breakthroughs and trusted insights in electronic design, simulation, prototyping, test, manufacturing, and optimization. Our ~15,000 employees create world-class solutions in communications, 5G, automotive, energy, quantum, aerospace, defense, and semiconductor markets for customers in over 100 countries. Our award-winning culture embraces a bold vision of where technology can take us and a passion for tackling challenging problems with industry-first solutions. We believe that when people feel a sense of belonging, they can be more creative, innovative, and thrive at all points in their careers. <h5>About the Team </h5>Keysight Design Engineering Software (DES) is Keysights software business that develops tools, workflows, solutions, and devices to accelerate customer development cycles for complex, high-frequency circuits, modules, boards, and systems. Keysights integrated software portfolio unifies Electronic Design Automation (EDA), Computer Aided Engineering (CAE), IP Data Management (PDM), and moresupporting open, multi-physics workflows from concept through to validation. Within our DES product development centers in Gent, Belgium and Calabasas, CA, we are developing physics-based simulation tools and solutions in the high-frequency/high-speed electronics EDA area, in the photonics IC design area, and are now expanding toward thermal modeling tools and mechanical solutions. At Keysight Belgium and Keysight Calabasas, you will enjoy a modern, high-tech, and diversified environment. In Belgium alone, 22 nationalities are represented. We provide a culture that is both productive and relaxed; an emphasis on teamwork; and benefits ranging from profit sharing and pension plans to group health insurance. We strongly believe that an environment where each individual is included and valued will enable Keysight to develop to its highest potential. <h5>About the Role </h5>We are seeking an expert level Application Engineer Scientist in a product manager role to join our multi-physics simulation team in DES. In this role, you will be formulating solutions and working with our development team to introduce cutting-edge solutions for challenging customer use cases for the electronics market. As an expert level contributor, you will work closely with cross-functional stakeholdersincluding Marketing, R&D, Technical Support, and Quality Assuranceto capture requirements and deliver whole-product solutions. You will help shape the thermal and mechanical CAD software solutions within and electronics EDA workflow. <h5>Responsibilities </h5>Keysight Design Engineering Software has an exciting ground floor opening for the right individual to assemble and drive solutions around use cases that involve interdependent multi-physics (MP) within electronic workflows. This includes bringing the relevant mechanical and thermal related physics into the electronic design automation (EDA) domain where mechanical, thermal, and electronics requirements are co-designed and traded off within design process. The overall effort also needs to consider inter-related multi-physics use cases outside the EDA environment which are tied to EDA applications as well as multi-physics within multiple product hierarchies. Keysight is a leader in multi-physics application specific performance simulations. <ul> <li>Define compelling workflow solutions and generation of solution requirements for the product team to work on </li><li>Product Manager ownership within an agile software development framework </li><li>Driving winning go-to-market efforts to address strategic and emerging use cases </li><li>Champion the introduction of new solutions and adoption by customers alongside a world-wide sales organization. </li></ul> <h5>Qualifications </h5>The ideal candidate has entrepreneurial, self-starter traits, and is able to work in a dynamic environment with an extended R&D and sales channel team to develop and introduce winning product solutions. <ul> <li>A well-rounded background in mechanical, thermal and electronics simulation workflows </li><li>Relevant experience in subsystem, PCB, module, IC level multi-physics simulations </li><li>Practical experience with relevant engineering tools such as Keysight ADS, Ansys Mechanical, Ansys ICEPAK, Cadence Allegro, Cadence Celsius, Altair structural analysis, Siemens NX, Siemens FloTherm, Siemens Mentor. </li><li>Familiarity with PCB board workflows, enterprise libraries, PCB verification and qualification methods </li><li>Versed in marketing concepts to drive go to market efforts. A BS in mechanical engineering, electrical engineering or physics is required and a masters preferred. </li></ul> Other: <ul> <li>Location: EMEA, location near Keysight Gent office preferred. Secondary location consideration is Calabasas, California </li><li>Travel required: up to 10% </li></ul> The level of role will be based on applicable experience, education and skills; most offers will be between the minimum and the midpoint of the Salary Range listed below. CA pay range: MIN $126,930 - MAX $211,550 Note: For other locations, pay ranges will vary by region This role is eligible for our Keysight Results Bonus Program US Employees may be eligible for the following benefits: <ul> <li>Medical, dental and vision </li><li>Health Savings Account </li><li>Health Care and Dependent Care Flexible Spending Accounts </li><li>Life, Accident, Disability insurance </li><li>Business Travel Accident and Business Travel Health </li><li>401(k) Plan </li><li>Flexible Time Off, Paid Holidays </li><li>Paid Family Leave </li><li>Discounts, Perks </li><li>Tuition Reimbursement </li><li>Adoption Assistance </li><li>ESPP (Employee Stock Purchase Plan) </li><li>Restricted Stock Units </li></ul> Keysight is an Equal Opportunity Employer Keysight Technologies Inc. is an equal opportunity employer. Qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, protected veteran status, disability or any other protected categories under all applicable laws.

<div><h2>Semiconductor Lithography Process Engineering Manager</h2>Keysight is on the forefront of technology innovation, delivering breakthroughs and trusted insights in electronic design, simulation, prototyping, test, manufacturing, and optimization. Our ~15,000 employees create world-class solutions in communications, 5G, automotive, energy, quantum, aerospace, defense, and semiconductor markets for customers in over 100 countries.Keysight Technologies, the world's premier measurement company, has an opening for a Semiconductor Lithography Process Engineering Manager at the High Frequency Technology Center (HFTC) in Santa Rosa, California. Live in beautiful Sonoma County amongst vineyards, redwood forests, rivers, lakes and coastline while working on state-of-the-art ICs and devices. HFTC invents and delivers world-leading compound semiconductor and integration technology in our fabrication facilities located in Santa Rosa. Our team enables Keysight product leadership through semiconductor innovation for differentiated performance.<h3>Responsibilities</h3>The Semiconductor Lithography Process Engineering Manager will lead a team of engineers and technicians responsible for maintaining, developing, and optimizing lithography processes for manufacturing and new technology development. This role requires a strong technical background in lithography, excellent leadership skills, and the ability to drive continuous process improvement. Additionally, this role will manage the Computer Aided Artwork (CAA) team and oversee HFTCs lithography mask artwork processing, planning, and inventory management processes.Key Responsibilities:<ul><li>Leadership and Team Management: Manage, lead, mentor, and develop a team of process engineers and technicians. Foster a collaborative and high-performance work environment. Set clear goals and expectations, and provide regular feedback and performance evaluations.</li><li>Process Development and Optimization: Oversee the development, optimization, and implementation of lithography processes. Ensure processes meet quality, yield, and productivity targets. Collaborate with cross-functional teams to resolve process-related issues and drive improvements.</li><li>Project Management: Manage multiple projects simultaneously, maintaining assurance of supply and alignment with Keysights top priorities. Develop project plans, allocate resources, and monitor progress. Effectively communicate project status and results to key stakeholders.</li><li>Technical Expertise: Stay current with advancements in lithography technology, equipment, techniques, and industry trends. Provide technical guidance and support to the engineering team.</li></ul><h3>Qualifications</h3> Masters degree or Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, Materials Science, Physics, or a related field. Minimum of 5 years of experience in semiconductor lithography process engineering or equivalent proven technical skills. Proven leadership experience, with a track record of leading, managing and developing engineering teams. Strong technical knowledge of lithography processes, semiconductor mask layouts, equipment, and materials. Experience with compound semiconductor processing is desired Excellent problem-solving, project management, and communication skills is a must.This position requires access to certain goods, software, technology, or technical data subject to U.S. export control laws and regulations. Under these laws and regulations, U.S. persons (which includes U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, lawful permanent residents, refugees, and asylees) working for Keysight can access export-controlled items without authorization from the U.S. government. For any individual who is not a U.S. person, Keysight may need authorization from the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of Commerce, or other appropriate federal agency before the individual can access export-controlled items. Employment in this position for non-U.S. persons is contingent on Keysights ability to obtain any required government authorizations. Candidates must be a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident of the U.S., protected individual under 8 U.S.C. 1324b(a)(3).***Keysight is an Equal Opportunity Employer.***Qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, protected veteran status, disability or any other protected categories under all applicable laws.The level of role will be based on applicable experience, education and skills; Most offers will be between the minimum and the midpoint of the Salary Range listed below.Santa Rosa, CA MIN $163,950-MID $218,600- MAX $273,250Note: For other locations, pay ranges will vary by regionThis role is eligible for Keysight Results Bonus ProgramUS Employees may be eligible for the following benefits:<ul><li>Medical, dental and vision</li><li>Health Savings Account</li><li>Health Care and Dependent Care Flexible Spending Accounts</li><li>Life, Accident, Disability insurance</li><li>Business Travel Accident and Business Travel Health</li><li>401(k) Plan</li><li>Flexible Time Off, Paid Holidays</li><li>Paid Family Leave</li><li>Discounts, Perks</li><li>Tuition Reimbursement</li><li>Adoption Assistance</li><li>ESPP (Employee Stock Purchase Plan)</li></ul></div>

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