Prepare for and practice interview questions from Degreed across topics like Presentation, Product Metrics, Python and more.

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Data Structures & Algorithms

Given two sorted lists, write a function to merge them into one sorted list.

Merge Sorted Lists

Find Bigrams

Write a function to create a single dataframe with complete addresses in the format of street, city, state, zip code.

Complete Addresses

Write a function friendship_timeline to generate an output that lists the pairs of friends with their corresponding timestamps of the friendship beginning and then the timestamp of the friendship ending. 

Friendship Timeline

Get Top N Frequent Words

Select the 2nd highest salary in the engineering department

2nd Highest Salary

Write a SQL query to create a histogram of the number of comments per user in the month of January 2020.

Comments Histogram

Write a query that returns all neighborhoods that have 0 users.

Empty Neighborhoods

Calculate the first touch attribution for each `user_id` that converted.

First Touch Attribution

Closest SAT Scores

Machine Learning

Encoding Categorical Features

Coefficients of Logistic Regression

Booking Regression

Job Recommendation

RMS Error

Probability

First to Six

500 Cards

Raining in Seattle

Found Item

Ad Raters

Statistics

Compute Deviation

Write a function to return the cumulative percentage of students that received scores within certain buckets.

Bucket Test Scores

P-value to a Layman

Say you are given a dataset of perfectly linearly separable data. What would happen when you run logistic regression?

Perfectly Separable

Reducing Error Margin

<p>Let’s say at Netflix we offer a subscription where customers can enroll for a 30-day free trial. After 30 days, customers will be automatically charged based on the package selected.</p>

<p>Let’s say we want to measure the success of acquiring new users through the free trial.</p>

<p>How can we measure acquisition success and what metrics can we use to measure the success of the free trial?</p>


<p>Let’s say we want to measure the effectiveness of Netflix’s 30-day free trial plan.</p>

<p>What is NOT a metric we would use?</p>


Let's say we want to measure the effectiveness of Netflix's 30-day free trial plan.

What is NOT a metric we would use?

Netflix Retention

How do we measure the success of acquiring new users through a free trial

Product Sense & Metrics

<p>Let’s say that you’re a data scientist on the engagement team. A product manager comes up to you and says that the weekly active users metric is up 5% but email notification open rates are down 2%.</p>

<p>What would you investigate to diagnose what’s happening?</p>


Email Open Rate

WAU vs Open Rates

<p>How would you measure the success of Facebook Groups?</p>


<p>Considering the purpose of Facebook Groups as a platform for connecting users through shared interests or real-life relationships, which metrics would be appropriate to measure the success of these groups?</p>


Considering the purpose of Facebook Groups as a platform for connecting users through shared interests or real-life relationships, which metrics would be appropriate to measure the success of these groups?

Group Success

<p>Let’s say you’re given all the different marketing channels along with their respective marketing costs at a company called Mode, that sells B2B analytics dashboards.</p>

<p>What metrics would you use to determine the value of each marketing channel?</p>


<p>When determining the value of each marketing channel for the company Mode, which metric is considered the key metric?</p>

When determining the value of each marketing channel for the company Mode, which metric is considered the key metric?

Marketing Channel Metrics

What metrics would you use to determine the value of each marketing channel?

Analytics

<p>Let’s say you’re a Product Data Scientist at Instagram. How would you measure the success of the Instagram TV product?</p>


<p>What is the primary goal of Instagram TV as a product feature?</p>

What is the primary goal of Instagram TV as a product feature?

Instagram TV Success

<p>Let’s say we want to build a new delivery time estimate model for consumers ordering food delivery.</p>

<p>How would you determine if the new model predicts delivery times better than the old model?</p>


<p>When rolling out a new delivery time estimate model in production, what is an important consideration?</p>

When rolling out a new delivery time estimate model in production, what is an important consideration?

Delivery Estimate Model I

<p>What is one way to measure the performance of a new delivery time estimate model for food delivery?</p>

What is one way to measure the performance of a new delivery time estimate model for food delivery?

Delivery Estimate Model II

Delivery Estimate Model

A/B Testing

<p>Let’s say that you work at a B2B SAAS company that’s interested in testing the pricing of different levels of subscriptions.</p>

<p>Your project manager comes to you and asks you to run a two-week-long A/B test to test an increase in pricing.</p>

<p>How would you approach designing this test?  How would you determine whether the increase in pricing is a good business decision?</p>


Testing Price Increase

<p>What is an unbiased estimator and can you provide an example for a layman to understand?</p>


What makes an estimator of a population statistic unbiased?

Unbiased Estimator

<p>Let’s say that you work for an online media company. The media company is starting to monetize its web traffic and wants to experiment with adding web banners into the middle of its reading content to see if it can monetize effectively.</p>

<p>How would you measure the success of the banner ad strategy?</p>


How would you measure the success of a banner ad strategy?

Banner Ad Strategy Success

<p>Let’s say you’re working on a building a better search engine for Google. You build it and want to see if it serves better results than the existing one in production.</p>

<p>How would you determine which search engine performed better? Which metrics would you track?</p>


Comparing Search Engines

<p>Let’s say you’re a data scientist at LinkedIn where you’re working on a product that sends qualified job candidates to companies. The team has launched a new feature that allows candidates to message hiring managers at companies directly during the interview process to get updates on their status.</p>

<p>Due to engineering constraints, the company can’t AB test the feature before launching it.</p>

<p>How would you analyze how the feature is performing?</p>


How would you analyze how the feature is performing?

Recruiting Leads

<p>Let’s say you’re a product data scientist at Facebook. Facebook is rolling out a new feature called “Mentions” which is an app specifically for celebrities on Facebook to connect with their fans.</p>

<p>How would you measure the health of the Mentions app? And if a celebrity starts using Mentions and begins interacting with their fans more, what part of the increase can be attributed to a celebrity using Mentions versus what part is just a celebrity wanting to get more involved in fan engagement?</p>


Celebrity Mentions

<p>Let’s say you have analytics data stored in a data lake. An analyst tells you they need hourly, daily, and weekly active user data for a dashboard that refreshes every hour.</p>

<p>How would you build this data pipeline?</p>


Design a data pipeline for hourly user analytics.

Data Pipelines and Aggregation

Data Pipelines

<p>How would you handle the data preparation for building a machine learning model using imbalanced data?</p>


Addressing imbalanced data in machine learning through carefully prepared techniques.

Data Preparation for Imbalanced Data

<p>Let’s say that you’re in charge of an e-commerce D2C business that sells socks.</p>

<p>What business health metrics would you care about tracking on a company dashboard?</p>


Let’s say that you're in charge of an e-commerce D2C business that sells socks. What business health metrics would you care?

D2C Socks e-Commerce

<p>Let’s say we’re working on a new feature for LinkedIn chat. We want to implement a green dot to show an “active user” but given engineering constraints, we can’t AB test it before release.</p>

<p>How would you analyze the effectiveness of this new feature?</p>


Green Dot

<p>You work as a machine learning engineer for a health insurance company. Design a machine learning model, which given a set of health features, classifies if the individual will undergo major health issues or not.</p>


Creating a machine learning model for evaluating a patient's health

Risk Assessment Model

<p>Let’s say you work as a data scientist at a bank.</p>

<p>You are tasked with building a decision tree model to predict if a borrower will pay back a personal loan they are taking out.</p>

<ol>
<li><p>How would you evaluate whether using a decision tree algorithm is the correct model for the problem?</p></li>

<li><p>Let’s say you move forward with the decision tree model. How would you evaluate the performance of the model before deployment and after?</p></li>
</ol>


Decision Tree Evaluation

<p>Let’s say you work as a data scientist at DoorDash. </p>

<p>You are tasked to build a machine learning system that minimizes missing or wrong orders placed on the app.</p>

<p>How would you go about designing this system?</p>


Minimize Wrong Orders

<p>What are the benefits of dynamic pricing, and how can you estimate supply and demand in this context?</p>


Achieving maximum profits through dynamic pricing with real-time supply and demand fluctuations

Understanding Dynamic Pricing Strategy

<p>Let’s say that you’re in charge of getting payment data into your internal data warehouse.</p>

<p>How would you build an ETL pipeline to get Stripe payment data into the database so analysts can build revenue dashboards and run analytics?</p>


Let's say that you're in charge of getting payment data into your internal data warehouse. 

Payment Data Pipeline

<p>How would you build a machine learning system to generate Spotify’s discover weekly playlist?</p>


Generating Discover Weekly

<p>Assume you are receiving CSV files intermittently utilizing an SFTP. Design a pipeline to make this data usable.</p>


SFTP Pipeline

<p>You have access to a set of tables summarizing user event data for a community forum app. You’re asked to conduct a user journey analysis using this data with the eventual goal of improving the user interface.</p>

<p>What kind of analysis would you conduct to recommend changes to the UI?</p>


What kind of analysis would you conduct to recommend changes to the UI?

User Journey Analysis

<p>Suppose that you’re building a tool for in-house analytics at LinkedIn. Design a pipeline that ingests images and PDFs of resumes and transforms them into queryable text data.</p>

<p>Your data pipeline will have the following outflows:</p>

<ul>
<li>A data mart that allows machine learning models to tap into the text data for natural language processing.</li>
<li>A data product that analysts in your company use to track keywords.</li>
<li>A search API that allows recruiters to scout candidates using certain keywords.</li>
</ul>

<p>You may assume the following:</p>

<ul>
<li>The image-to-text models are adequately accurate and are ready for use.</li>
<li>Data does not have to be real-time but has to minimize turnaround.</li>
<li>Another team is working with the privacy and security filters. You do not need to consider this in your design.</li>
</ul>

<p>State other assumptions you might have upfront.</p>


Designing a pipeline for ingesting media to built-in search within LinkedIn

Text Search System

Data Modeling

<p>What do you think are the most important metrics for WhatsApp?</p>


<p>What is the optimal strategy for reducing customer churn rate in a messaging platform like WhatsApp?</p>


What is the optimal strategy for reducing customer churn rate in a messaging platform like WhatsApp?

WhatsApp Metrics

<p>Let’s say you are working on Google Docs. A product manager comes to you and asks how the product is doing. </p>

<p>What are the top five metrics that you would start tracking to understand the health of Google Docs?</p>


Docs Metrics

<p>Suppose that you are a machine learning engineer for a large bank, working with the modeling team that creates input data for downstream models. Downstream models can include regulatory models for risk, internal models for credit decisions, internal risk models, marketing models, audits, and any other application where ML can be used.</p>

<p>You have access to the following APIs:</p>

<ul>
<li>Reddit API for all posts and comments for finance and news-related subreddits</li>
<li>Bloomberg API for daily stock prices, including opening and closing prices</li>
</ul>

<p>How would you go about designing an ML system that extracts data from those APIs, transforms the data, and stores it in a format that downstream modeling teams can use?</p>


Designing an ML system to extract financial insights from market data for improved bank decision-making

Using APIs for Downstream Tasks

AI & Agentic Systems

<p>We’re given two tables, a <code>users</code> table with demographic information and the neighborhood they live in and a <code>neighborhoods</code> table.</p>

<p>Write a query that returns all neighborhoods that have 0 users. </p>

<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>

<p><strong>Input:</strong></p>

<p><code>users</code> table</p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Columns</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>name</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>neighborhood_id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>created_at</code></td>
<td>DATETIME</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><code>neighborhoods</code> table</p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Columns</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>name</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>city_id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Output:</strong></p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Columns</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>name</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>


<p>Write a SQL query to select the 2nd highest salary in the engineering department.</p>

<p><strong>Note:</strong> If more than one person shares the highest salary, the query should select the next highest salary.</p>

<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>

<p><strong>Input:</strong></p>

<p><code>employees</code> table</p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>first_name</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>last_name</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>salary</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>department_id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><code>departments</code> table</p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>name</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Output:</strong></p>

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>salary</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>


Calculate Moving Average	SQL	Easy
Predict Customer Churn	Machine Learning	Medium
A/B Test Significance	Statistics	Medium
Optimize Query Performance	SQL	Hard
Feature Importance Analysis	Machine Learning	Medium
Clean Missing Data	Python	Easy
Neural Network Architecture	Deep Learning	Hard
Calculate Cohort Retention	SQL	Medium
Bayesian Probability	Statistics	Easy
Recommend Similar Products	Machine Learning	Hard

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