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Calico Life Sciences Interview Questions

A/B Testing

Algorithms

Analytics

Machine Learning

Probability

Product Metrics

Python

Statistics

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Given a sorted list of integers <code>ints</code> with no duplicates, write an efficient function <code>nearest_entries</code> that takes in integers <code>N</code> and <code>k</code> and does the following:

Finds the element of the list that is closest to <code>N</code> and returns that element along with the <code>k</code>-next and <code>k</code>-previous elements of the list.

Notes: 
1. If <code>k</code> is large enough to go out of the bounds of <code>ints</code>, return all entries up to that bound but do not throw an error.
2. If <code>N</code> is not an entry in <code>ints</code> and there are two values equally close to <code>N</code>, use the lower value as your starting point.

Examples:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>#Example 1:
ints = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
N = 4
k = 2
def nearest_entries(ints, N, k) -&gt; [2,3,4,5,6]

#Example 2:
ints = [1,3,4,6,8]
N = 5
k = 1
def nearest_entries(ints, N, k) -&gt; [3,4,6]

#Example 3:
ints = [1,3,4,7,9,11,15,22,77]
N = 22
k = 4
def nearest_entries(ints, N,k) -&gt; [7, 9, 11, 15, 22, 77]
</code></pre>

Finds the element of a list that is closest to some integer, along with the k-next and k-previous elements

K Nearest Entries

Data Structures & Algorithms

We’re given a list of at least three numbers named <code>sides</code>. Each entry in <code>sides</code> represents the length of a side of a triangle.

Write a function <code>possible_triangles</code> to determine the number of possible triangles that can be formed using the given side lengths.

In the case that more than three side lengths are given, there may be several possible triangles.

Note: If there are multiple equal side lengths in the list, we consider them as distinct sides.

Examples:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>#Example 1:
sides = [3, 3, 3]
def possible_triangles(sides) -&gt; 1

#Example 2:
sides = [3, 3, 3, 3]
def possible_triangles(sides) -&gt; 4

#Example 3:
sides = [1, 2, 3.5]
def possible_triangles(sides) -&gt; 0
</code></pre>

Find the number of possible triangles from a list of side lengths.

Possible Triangles

Suppose there exists a new airline named Jetco that flies domestically across North America. Jetco recently had a study commissioned that tested the boarding time of every airline, and it came out that Jetco had the fastest average boarding times of any airline.

What factors could have biased this result, and what would you look into?

What could potentially bias the average boarding time in favor of an airline that only flies domestically?

What could potentially bias the average boarding time in favor of an airline that only flies domestically?

Boarding Times Bias

A new airline came out as the fastest average boarding times compared to other airlines.  What factors could have biased this result and what would you look into?

Question	Topic	Difficulty	Ask Chance
K Nearest Entries	Data Structures & Algorithms	Medium	Very High
Possible Triangles	Data Structures & Algorithms	Hard	Medium
Boarding Times Bias	Statistics	Medium	Medium

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